Comparative Soteriologies Lutheran and Reformed Judaism Research Paper

Comparative Soteriologies Lutheran and Reformed Judaism - Research Paper Example These three religions, including Judaism, Christianity and Islam, appear to be enthused by one and the same light, and share several similarities in their religious system including basic concept of God, angels, Satan, heaven, hellfire, creation, life and death, Day of Resurrection, reward and punishment, holy personalities and myth about them, need of preaching and observing of moral values in individual and collective life etc. Additionally, the notion salvation also maintains imperative place in Abrahamic religious beliefs, which is actually the by-product of the inspiration they seek from the heavenly revelation sent from the Lord for the spiritual and moral uplift of humans in this world as well as in the life Hereinafter. â€Å"Soteriological comes from the Greek soter, savior, and salvation from the Latin salus, and both have become linked historically with the specifically Christian notion of being saved by the atoning death of Christ from God’s righteous judgment upo n the sinners.† (Hick 1989, 10) Salvation is a more specific form of the more general idea of being brought from an evil situation into a radically better one. Since salvation is the central concept of Christian mythology, almost all the religious activities and performances of the Christianity revolve around this very notion, though the scholars have interpreted it in quite different ways. Brief Overview of Anselm's view of Salvation: The Christians strongly believe in the concept of Original Sin, according to which every human commits sins and gets involved into deviant behavior and perversion from the noble path to be followed according to the commands made by the Deity, because of his natural tendencies towards sins. Moreover, it is the same tendency that is responsible for the expulsion of the first parents of humankind from the Eden Garden. Since Almighty God is the Creator and Sustainer of the world, and has created humans out of his own image to rule over all other cre atures of the universe, the Lord does not want to humiliate and punish the humans. Consequently, He decided to bestow salvation upon humans in order to protect them from extreme agony and sufferings. â€Å"And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.† (Peter in Acts 4:12, retrieved from usbible.com) However, the interpretation of the concept salvation is made in quite divergent manners among the Christian theologians and scholars, and hence, they appear to be at daggers drawn in the basic notion of this religious belief. Some of the Christians are of the opinion that since Jesus has sacrificed his life for their redemption, so they are not bound to do good only. Hence, the sacrifice made by Jesus has exempted them from observing virtuous deeds to please their Lord. Rather, they would surely enter the heavens whether they practice virtue or not at all. On the contrary, the Lutheran school of thought c onsiders the very reality that the great sacrifice has bound the Christians to imitate the footprints of the Holy Christ by strictly observing the commands of the Lord by performing the obligations towards Him and the fellow humans. This notion is often inter-mixed with the Jewish traditions, though the Jewish scholars, refute the very idea of original sin altogether, and lay stress upon virtuous

Civil Engineering Pesonal Statement Essay Example for Free

Civil Engineering Pesonal Statement Essay It was this quote by Theodore von Karman in my high school physics book that sparked my interest in engineering. Engineering allows for the designing and constructing of structures that most people could only dream of but they could not live without. From bridges spanning oceans to connect countries to artificial islands on which building complexes can provide housing for thousands of people. This notion is what made me want to become an engineer. I have always been interested mathematics and science since grade school, but it was in high school that my curiosity flourished when I joined an engineering program. There I learned about the different fields like electrical, structural, and robotics. But it was civil engineering that I pursued. Something that became evident when we were given the chance to build bridges from balsa wood which strengths would later be tested. Although my bridge was not the strongest, it was in the top five and the most aesthetically pleasing out of the twenty bridges that participated. That experience was enough to make me decide to pursue a career in civil engineering. Later when I entered college and began to take courses working towards my degree, I learned more about emerging new technologies which could benefit both the people and the planet alike. I am concerned about environmental issues which our world is currently facing and hope to use engineering to resolve these problems while also improving peoples lives. My mathematical skills also developed and I relish the opportunity of using these mathematical techniques to solve real-life problems. Studying further mathematics has proved more demanding than I anticipated, but I have found the extra challenge very rewarding. Furthermore, it has shown me the extent to which mathematics is ultimately present in every aspect of our lives. I am involved in extracurricular activities. In 2010 I joined Sigma Alpha Lambda a national leadership and honors organization and their local chapter. With them I have participated in Relay for Life and Food Fight Against Hunger. Two national initiatives aimed at fundraising and bringing awareness to cancer and hunger respectively. For Relay for Life I helped to decorate our team campsite according to the theme that year and for Food Fight Against Hunger I helped collect can foods as well as monetary donations. Outside of school I am also involved in my church. There I serve as a Sabbath School teacher for children in pre-K and kindergarten and as a general volunteer. My responsibilities range from helping the children learn songs to helping organize a blood drive, but also as a congregation we go visit elderly folks in a retirement home and volunteer at a shelter to feed the homeless on a monthly basis. Engineering offers us the chance to make the world a better, safer and more exciting place; this is what attracts me to the subject. I am confident that the challenges offered by civil engineering appeal to me and will inspire me to do great things. Engineering has always been fundamental in developing the world and is a field in which I would love to be involved.

Marketing Plan for Bio-Mag Bracelets Essay example -- Business Marketi

Marketing Plan for Bio-Mag Bracelets EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this analytical report is to provide a marketing plan for Bio-Life Ltd new product, Bio-Mag Bracelet on its magnetic therapy purposes. As health issues are popular concerns of people in Australia and overseas market, it is necessary for Bio-Life Ltd to get into this market as soon as possible. This marketing plan is to review the company’s marketing arrangement for the new product but to also recommend strategic responses to assist Bio-Life Ltd in developing a sustainable operating system. In the following sections, product, Bio-Mag Bracelet will be analysed in depth in the order of firstly, background; secondly, marketing strategies; thirdly, marketing mix included product, price, people, placement and promotion; lastly, SWOT analysis. It is anticipated that the marketing plan we have developed will facilitate the new product, Bio-Mag Bracelet success in the coming years. Marketing strategies of the Bio-Mag Bracelet is based on Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Positioning and Segmentation strategies adopted by Bio-Mag Bracelet are quality; styling and pain relief to attract its targeted customers. Besides that, the main purpose of Bio-Mag Bracelet is natural healing without drugs in pain relief, increase blood circulation and reduces inflammation and speeded up recovery rate from injuries. The targeted consumers of the product are middle and upper classes, which need natural healing and health care. Differentiation is also an important strategy. Bio-Mag Bracelet differentiated from competitors with the additional features of one size fits all. As the product will be finished by 9ct gold and stainless steel, the retail price of it is in a higher range. It is also contain a 2000 Gauss / 200 mTesla special Rare Earth magnets. The location of the retailing will be mainly in big shopping malls or more prestigious and well known area. Placement includes elements such as channels, coverage, assortments, locations, inventory and transport of the product. The S.W.O.T is to analysis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the product’s marketing plan. Background As technology advances, the environment has also start to become more and more demanding and competitive with each and every individuals’ pace life always on the inc... ...ing up sales. Nevertheless, Bio-Mag Bracelet also faced great competition from other health products such as massage machine and so forth; which there are many different health products in the market. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barrett S., 2001 ‘magnet therapy’ available online at http://www.helhetsdoktorn.nu/magnet.htm Cralle, R. (1997). Therionresearch.com: Magnetic Therapy. http://www.therionresearch.com/learning_center_articles.html (Accessed 18th May 2005). Kotler, P. (2003) Marketing Management. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, United States. No Author. (2005) Stuck On You: Magnetic Therapy Supplier. http://www.stuckonyou.com (Accessed 15th May 2005). No Author. No Date. Magnetic Therapy History. http://www.discovermagnetics.com/faq2.html (Accessed 18th May 2005). No Author. No Date. The Scientific Basis For Magnet Therapy Analytical Research Report. http://www.itembioenergy.com/infocenter/ScientificBasisMagnetTherapy.pdf (Accessed 18th May 2005). Competitors’ Company’s Website: - Magnet-EZe: http://magnet-eze.com.au Australian Magnet Therapy: http://www.australianmagnettherapy.com Bio-Magnetic Therapy: http://www.biomagnetictherapy.net

Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

Summary "The Catcher in the Rye" is a story of a young sixteen year old boy named Holden Caulfield. Holden is telling this story in first person. Holden is a student of Pency Prep an all boys school in Pennsylvania. The book starts in a rest home in California. Holden flashback to four days before the beginning of Christmas vacation. Holden is going to pay a visit to Mr. Spencer, his history teacher. Mr.Spencer is sick in bed suffering from the grippe. While there Mr.Spencer talks to Holden about his poor grade on his last examination paper. That Saturday Holden and his friend Mal Brossard, who is on the wrestling team , go to see a movie. They invite Ackley out of sympathy because he never does anything Saturday night. After the boys finnish playing pinball. Holden goes back to his room to write a composition for his roommate Stradler. When Stradler comes back from his date with Jane Grallagher, a girl that Holden has a crush on, he doesn't like the composition. Holden and Stradler argue, then Holden punishes Stradler. Holden loses the fight. Holden goes to Ackleys room to talk, but Ackley doesn't want to talk so Holden leaves to look for Mal Bossard. Holden starts to pack his bags after he decids not to look for Borssard. He walks to the train station because it is too late for a taxi. While there he cleans off the blood from the fight with some snow. He catches a train to New York. On the train he meets a woman who is the mother of one of his classmates. Holden is attracted to the women so he starts to lie about himself. When he arrives in New York he get a room in the Edmont Hotel. Holden is thinking of staying in the hotel until Wednesday when he can go home. It is still Saturday night and Holden is bored so he goes to the club in the hotel. The waiter will not serve him alcohol. At the next table there are three women who are giggling at him. Holden asks the ladies to dance. Holden find out that the ladies are from Seattle, Washington. After the ladies leave the club Holden gets bored because there are no drinks are and no girls, so he leave. In the lobby he sits down in a chair and thinks about Jane Gallagher.

Hard times Coursework Essay

The comparison between employer and employee is stressed every time Bounderby meets Stephen Blackpool and the comparison can be clearly seen, as when Bounderby and Blackpool are at the table, Bounderby’s half is full of silver china and saucers, while Blackpool’s is empty, this shows the power balance between the two-i. e. all the power is in Bounderby’s hands, as is the wealth and the control. Blackpool’s word is rarely trusted by those in power over Bounderby’s and they are so very different in almost all respects, with Bounderby’s life taking its own cource with his allegiance with Gradgrind in Parliament, while Blackpool only has Rachel caring for him, as compared to the city he is another nobody down on his luck. The story also shows family bonds through difficult situations, with the major family scenario of the Gradgrind’s the son and daughter are raised by their father in a factual heartless way, even though he does not realise this, he does go on to realise his mistake, with the mother of the family disabled and unable to move around due to sickness, being manipulated by everyone who walks by, as she has no dominance over anything indeed, and her character suggests she agrees with her husband on the factual upbringing of their children, and also shows the strains the family goes through after Louisa marries Mr Bounderby, and Tom gets involved in the bank robbery, and the family has to somehow try to bounce back, but does not manage to succeed with only a neutral ending The other families mentioned are the bond of father and child in Cissy Jupes Tale, the Man and wife in Blackpool’s unhappy marriage, and the twist in the story with Mr Bounderby’s mother appearing and e xplaining his upbringing Language Dickens uses a variety of techniques in hard times, mostly descriptive; giving a chance of detail good enough to imagine it, but for everyone’s imagination to be different, repetition gets across the steely characters characteristics   For Louisa he uses a simple vocabulary, using childly words and simple phrases meant with good intention on her behalf, with no academical subtext or complicated phrases, showing that she’s a good and kind hearted person, but also slightly dim compared to the other main characters The language of Mr Gradgrind is always very well developed, and while the descriptions of him make us see a rigid robot like figure, he does speak intellectually throughout the story Mr Bounderby however is much more rigid in his language and expresses his thoughts using what’s a fact instead of what’s humane, and this always puts him in a negative light, he may have been ‘born upside down’ where he would have always had such views, and always acted on factual or instinct data to prove his point The language of tom and Louisa has two stages during the story, at first they talk in only facts, with little feeling or emotion in their words, but occasionally while in private they speak out freely, or as freely as they can, but in the presence of others they stick to their blank expressions and factual sentences During toms elder years he begins to talk more like his father, with a free stroke in his speech and has retained some independence while still being accepted by his father and friends Louisa in her elder years changes little to her younger equivalent and stays rigid and factual, showing a feeling of repressed anger inside her Mrs Gradgrind is a poorly woman and her language reflects that, being incomplete, with words missing from sentences and grammatical errors if not for which she would sound like Mr Gradgrind, but throughout her brief appearances she keeps her grumbling simple and unimportant The language used by Blitzer is the product of Mr’s Gradgrind and Bounderby’s teachings and shows the heartless product of their ideal. in the end they both regret their schooling of Blitzer and realise their wrong, but only too late for some The other controversial language used is that of Mr Sleary the Circus leader, who uses a range of bizarre phrases in between his sentences and makes his appearance misunderstood and diverse compared to the other characters’ Conclusion So in conclusion with my previous statements, as listed above, the novel Hard times has a monotone view of Victorian society With all characters at a set point being either extremely good or eminently bad, in character and in appearance, much of which suggests that the focus of the story is based solemnly on interaction between characters, and no room for backdrops has been spared from steel bins burning in the winter cold, glum industrial streets and houses varying from basic to lavish all showing the contrast between the rich striving to change society the poor striving to stay out of trouble, and those who strive to be rich

Profile of Serial Killer Jerry Brudos, AKA the Lust Killer

Profile of Serial Killer Jerry Brudos, AKA the Lust Killer Jerry Brudos was a shoe fetishist, serial killer, rapist, torturer, and necrophiliac who stalked women around Portland, Oregon in 1968 and 1969. The Early Years Jerry Brudos love for shoes began at the age of five after he rescued a pair of high-heel shoes from the garbage. As he grew older, his unusual interest in shoes developed into a fetish which he satisfied by breaking into homes to steal shoes and womens underwear. When he was in his teens he added violence to his repertoire and began knocking down girls, choking them until they were unconscious, then stealing their shoes. At age 17 he was sent to the Oregon State Hospital psychiatric ward after he confessed to holding a girl at knife-point in a hole he dug in the side of a hill for the purpose of keeping sex slaves. There he forced her to pose nude while he took pictures. Brudos was released from the hospital after nine months, even though it was clear he had developed a need to act out his violent fantasies towards women. According to his hospital records, his violence toward women developed from a deep hatred he felt for his mother. Married With Children Once out of the hospital he finished high school and became an electronics technician. Whether he refrained from acting out on his obsessions over the next few years or he just didnt get caught is unknown. What is known is that he married, moved to Portland, Oregon and he and his wife had two children. His mother later joined the family in their small suburban home. Brudos relationship with his wife began to falter after he approached her dressed in womens underwear. Up to that point, she had gone along with his strange bedroom habits, including his request that she walk around the house nude. Rejected by her lack of understanding of his need to wear womens underwear, he retreated to his workshop which was off-limits to the family. No longer intimate, the two remained married despite his wife discovering pictures of nude women and an odd molded breast among her husbands possessions. Brudos Known Victims Between 1968 and 1969 women in and around the Portland area began to disappear. In January 1968, Linda Slawson, 19, working as a door-to-door encyclopedia salesperson, happened to knock on Brudos door. He later confessed to killing her, then cutting off her left foot to use as a model for his collection of stolen shoes. His next victim was Jan Whitney, 23, whose car broke down while driving home from college in November 1968. Brudos later admitted to strangling Whitney in her car, then having sex with her body and bringing her corpse back to his workshop where he continued to violate the body for several days while it hung from a hook on his ceiling. Before disposing of her body he cut off her right breast in order to make a mold from it in the hopes of making paperweights. On March 27, 1969, Karen Sprinker, 19, vanished from the parking garage of a department store where she was to meet her mother for lunch. Brudos later confessed to forcing her into his car at gunpoint, then bringing her to his workshop where he raped her and forced her to put on various womens underwear and pose for pictures. He then killed her by hanging her from the hook in his ceiling. As with his other victims, he violated her corpse, then removed both breasts and disposed of her body. Linda Salee, 22, became Brudos next and last known victim. In April 1969 he kidnapped her from a shopping mall, brought her to his home and raped and then strangled her to death. Like all of his victims, he disposed of her body in a nearby lake. The End of the Killing Spree During the two-year killing spree, Brudos attacked several other women who managed to escape. The clues they were able to provide police eventually led them to Brudos door. While in custody at police headquarters, Brudos gave a detailed confession of the four murders. A search of his home gave police the additional evidence they needed to convict Brudos of three of the four murders. Included in the evidence were various photographs he took of his victims posed in his collection of womens underwear, parts of the corpses which had been found in a lake, along with some of his victims body parts stored in his home. He was convicted and given the death penalty and a life sentence. On March 28, 2006, Brudos, 67, was found dead in his cell at Oregon State Penitentiary. It was determined that he died of natural causes. Source Rule, Ann. Lust Killer. Books: Lust Killer by Ann Rule

Free Essays on The Unfinished Murder

â€Å"Before the rape I felt good. My life was in order. I was getting ready to get married. Afterward everything changed. I kind of lost who I was as a person†¦ I asked him ‘Didn’t you have a wife or a girlfriend you could do this with?’ He said ‘I like this better. I like it better this way.’ â€Å" -Victim Testimony, Trial Transcript, People V. Eric Barnes, Kew Garden, New York, July 6, 1984. Rape is a physical attack, not sex. Rape crisis counselors and researchers define rape as an act of violence in which sex is used as a weapon (Benedict 2). A woman is raped in this country every two minutes. Between 1996 1 in 4 of these rapes took place in a public place (Grady 4). Rape is a problem that infiltrates all countries and cultures; a Muslim woman who has been raped is disowned by her fiancà © and her family for having brought them shame by becoming dirtied and thus not a candidate for marriage (Benedict 2). Cross-cultural research has shown that rape is most common in cultures that are dominated by males and violence. This means cultures in which males dominate the political decisions and cultures adhering to the male ideology of toughness, interpersonal violence and war (Groth 7). In a culture of people with more traditional or sexist gender role, attitudes are more tolerant of rape than are people with more nontraditional attitudes. Traditional men are more likely to report that they would commit rape if they knew they would not be caught; some researchers have found that a traditional man is much more likely to commit a rape than a nontraditional man is. Many attitudes in our culture perpetuate rape, for example: A husband is entitled to have sex with his wife," "A 'real man' never pass... Free Essays on The Unfinished Murder Free Essays on The Unfinished Murder â€Å"Before the rape I felt good. My life was in order. I was getting ready to get married. Afterward everything changed. I kind of lost who I was as a person†¦ I asked him ‘Didn’t you have a wife or a girlfriend you could do this with?’ He said ‘I like this better. I like it better this way.’ â€Å" -Victim Testimony, Trial Transcript, People V. Eric Barnes, Kew Garden, New York, July 6, 1984. Rape is a physical attack, not sex. Rape crisis counselors and researchers define rape as an act of violence in which sex is used as a weapon (Benedict 2). A woman is raped in this country every two minutes. Between 1996 1 in 4 of these rapes took place in a public place (Grady 4). Rape is a problem that infiltrates all countries and cultures; a Muslim woman who has been raped is disowned by her fiancà © and her family for having brought them shame by becoming dirtied and thus not a candidate for marriage (Benedict 2). Cross-cultural research has shown that rape is most common in cultures that are dominated by males and violence. This means cultures in which males dominate the political decisions and cultures adhering to the male ideology of toughness, interpersonal violence and war (Groth 7). In a culture of people with more traditional or sexist gender role, attitudes are more tolerant of rape than are people with more nontraditional attitudes. Traditional men are more likely to report that they would commit rape if they knew they would not be caught; some researchers have found that a traditional man is much more likely to commit a rape than a nontraditional man is. Many attitudes in our culture perpetuate rape, for example: A husband is entitled to have sex with his wife," "A 'real man' never pass...

Differences in the Earth and Moon essays

Differences in the Earth and Moon essays The Earths geology is very active. It is effectively a 4.6 billion year old rock blender that has recycled its surface material to the point that no rocks exist on Earths surface that can be dated back to the time of its formation. In addition, the Earth has an atmosphere, which erodes the surface via wind (carrying sand and debris) and precipitation (rain, snow, etc.). The surface of Earth is constantly being changed, so material that we gather on Earths surface cannot be used to directly date the age of our planet or our solar system (except for meteorites, but they are from somewhere else). Using radiometric dating techniques on some surface rocks and components of others, geologists reassure us that the Earth is at least 2-3 billion years old. However, is that really the age of the solar system, or even the Earth, for that matter? No, the Moon is a much better place to look for clues as to the age of both our planet and our solar system. But why? Firstly, the Moon is small. So small that it cooled off efficiently and very early after its formation, thus freezing its geology at a very young age. Some lunar surface material is doubtlessly from the earliest days of its existence. On top of this, the Moon has no atmosphere. No wind and no running water exist there to erode away and change its surface material. The only force of erosion on the Moon is constant meteoric bombardment from space. Micrometeorites (speedy little meteorites no bigger than sand grains) slam into its surface by the trillions every day, creating the powdery regolith that covers the Moons surface. However, in the highlands particularly, very ancient rocks (4.6 billion years old) are abundant. These areas are heavily cratered, many of which are overlapping (which indicates that some craters are older than others). Counting the number of craters per area in these regions gives us a very good idea of the rate o ...

The killing of U.S resident Anwar al-Alwaki Research Paper

The killing of U.S resident Anwar al-Alwaki - Research Paper Example The American government tried to keep the matter a secret but the choice to hunt and murder Anwar became an issue of public debate and scrutiny. Some American wondered the limitation of the powers of the president if he can order the killing of Americans abroad based on secret intelligence. It is significant to note that the killings of Anwar in Yemen brought in new information about the intelligence, military and legal challenges that the U.S government faced. This is because it shows the risks or perils of war, depending on missile strike from drone rarely recognized by the U.S citizens and intricate justifications written for only a selected few officials to read (The New Times, 2013). Â  It is believed that Anwar al-Alwaki and Samir Khan who killed in the drone strike were al-Qaeda operational leader in Yemen. The two were U.S citizens who had never been accused by the American government nor indicted with any crime. The secrecy behind such drone strikes emerged as major issue b ecause of the legal and ethical issues involved in the killings (Wilson Center, 2012). Â  Information from the U.S department of Justice asserted that the drone missile strike that killed Anwar, an Al-Qaeda affiliate whose death was justified by the government, also murdered Samir Khan, who the officials had asserted was a real danger capable to warrant being specifically aimed or targeted. The killing of Anwar in Yemen was justified and ethical because Anwar was an evolving danger or threat in that by the moment the U.S. and Yemen intelligence found him, he had been under the watch list of the C.I.A for more than ten years. For instance, in 1999, he was the first to appear on the F.B.I list because of his link with militants and in 2001, after the attacks in the U.S, he interrogated by U.S officials about his association with the hijackers at his mosque in Virginia and San Diego. In addition, when Anwar left the U.S in 2001, he supported the idea that the United States was officia lly at war with the Muslim community. In Yemen and Britain where he was jailed for eighteen months, Anwar hinted closer to a full support of terrorist activities and the use of violence (Mazetti & Scott, 2013). In 2008, the F.B.I asserted that their investigations have revealed that Anwar al-Alwaki was growing up as a radicalizer. In 2009, when Nidal Malik Hasan serving as a psychiatrist in the U.S army opened fire, murdering thirteen people in Texas, Anwar found his popularity when investigators found out that he been occasionally communicating with Anwar al-Alwaki. After four days,

Is the identification of the problem half of its resolution Essay

Is the identification of the problem half of its resolution - Essay Example The aim of entire project and paper is to bring about improvements in the practices and approaches of the nursing staff through use of various updated modules and tools and educational kits. Key issue/s to be addressed: Identification of improvement processes pertaining to the various ranks of nursing staff employed in the hospital. Having observed that the bulk of the population of nurses are either fresh graduates or have little or no field experience, therefore it is being felt that it is the ripe time to enhance their abilities and promote good nursing staff for the future days. Secondly having spent some time in number of medical healthcare places, the need was felt to improve the working practices of the nursing staff and bring about more affectivity and efficiency in their practices. The nurse educator should have necessary knowledge of the field along with number of years of experience in the field which will help guiding the nursing students in a proper manner. Experience in any field is vital and there is no replacement for experience, hence in the field of nursing, expert trainers and educators must be in place to accomplish the project of improvements in the nursing field (Fulton & Lyon, 2009). : The clinical coaching pertains to the in depth field associated teaching and training. It allows imparting the knowledge of technical aspects of the field and operations and patients (Gardner & Suplee, 2010). Target Population:Â  The scheme of action is to be implemented at a clinical ward in Perth W. Australia by the Staff development nurse. The direct focus of attention will be nursing team at different levels. With so many changes and improvements at door step, there is need for implementing effective improvement based training. Starting from the very fresh and with zero experience to others with considerable experience in the field but in need of up gradation in terms of the knowledge and tools and techniques. Key stakeholders/Audience: The guidelines will focus on training the new comers, and providing the updated knowledge tips to the experienced ones and those who are working at different levels in the middle ranks with in the clinical ward. Since different kinds of cases are faced in everyday activities inside the clinical ward, the knowledge should be broad based and should keep in view the variable nature of treatments and variable nature of patients and other circumstances (Mason, Isaacs, & Colby, 2011). Use of Tools: Mentorship and coaching are used as tools for the purpose of improvement in the hospital environment. While improvement is an incremental process and takes place in different steps, there must be a measuring procedure that ensures that the transformation process holds its place and results are seen. To determine the results that are desired, proper tools and techniques in form of mentor guidance and coaching manuals serve the purpose of improvement.. Verbal and written tests can be conducted along with the pr esentations which will evaluate the level of knowledge gained and the level of improvements needed. On behalf of the level of improvement in the teaching team, surveys and questionnaires serve the purpose of evaluation a great deal, the students should be asked to fill the questionnaires that would focus on identifying the level of improvements post improvement processes initiation (Tan & Sheps, 1998). Role of Mentor/ Mentorship as a tool: The mentor plays a vital role in the life of fresh students who have just come to the practical field.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Business Plan - Essay Example The products will be the same from the farm, but I will be selling them as my own brand name. Proposition In today’s world, organic food has been touted as the best option as either genetically modified food or food grown under green house conditions are not nutritious comparatively. Food from organic farming is gaining prominence from consumers despite the price compared with food from these conventional sources. There are many reasons that support any business with a special focus on environmental sustainability, therefore, the current success in my franchise business. My plan is to build a brand that delivers the same promise to a wider clientele at with a vision to cover the whole country in five years and foreign markets starting from European Union. The market is growing tremendously with consumers who are able to afford, ever increasing. Clients visiting my shops have been more than willing to pay a premium for the vegetables, fruits, and animal products. The reasons wh y they are buying are many including health and safety benefits as they are highly nutritious when delivered when fresh. To the environment, organic farming conserves it by preserving the natural state of soil, no erosion and restoring where they are depleted. Water bodies are conserved as there are no harmful affluent substances from the farms besides not cutting down trees along rivers and trees under agroforestry to create a sustainable environment. The most important reason for growth in sales in organic food is the economies of scale in forming cooperative farming as more farms join the cooperative able to produce en mass. This result in reduced production costs eventually passed on to consumers through reduced prices. The franchise business I have been operating has been able to gain more customers as they place more orders. I have been able to buy a pick up that I have been using to deliver to customer residences regularly from the fee earned from Riverford Farm. There is a g reat opportunity to serve more customers with the right capacity and repackaging vegetables for delivery to a wider market network. The current stalls have been overstretched as they serve only a small clientele limited by the number of stocking of pre-ordered supplies and delivery. There is a great opportunity to expand beyond the current limitations by placing my own orders which I am able to service. In order not to be limited by the supplies from the farm I am planning to contact more farmers who are able to supply from other regions as I cover a wider geographical location as I expand in future. I will design and print my own delivery box and provide a wider variety of choices. Parts of my target clients are hotels which a have unique variety mix in vegetables, fruits and animal products. The box content can be changed to suit specific needs for each target client by having only fruits boxes, vegetables and animal products. Hotels and institutions may not fall in the kind of cl ient characteristic served by the current boxes but rather require each unique product in large quantities. I will be able to supply directly to Yorkshire Farmers Market to business people operating stalls. Marketing mix To succeed in my plan, I need a proper marketing mix that is able to deliver the promise of value to my business and to the target customers. I should be able to attract and retain

An elderly person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An elderly person - Essay Example I discovered the hardships and abusive ill-treatment people face in our community when they grow old. It is only heartbreaking how elderly people do not receive the protocol by younger generations who do not, for once, consider the fact that they shall have to go through the same age later in life. This paper entails the abuses and neglects that people face at older ages and measures that can be taken to overcome these issues. A brief visit As I entered the old home, the disturbing smell of mothballs and urination got me. Soon immune to it, I moved on to identify people that might be most appropriate to be interviewed. Most of them had humped backs as if they carried burden of a million secrets for years. As I settled on a creaking bed to begin my interviews of selected people, I couldn’t make out if the squeaking sounds in the background were that of the bed or of their rusty knees moving. Each of them comfortably shared their experiences and as their wrinkled and leathery li ps moved, I could feel tears trickling down my cheeks hearing the tragic stories behind those blue and green veins and frail-skinned once-young people. Abuse and neglect of the elderly My findings from interviewing people at the institution concluded that they all have gone through some kind of abuse during their ageing periods. They face situations frequently where they are abused and neglected. This included physical abuse where their loved ones carried out actions aimed at injuring, hurting or causing physical pain to them. Due to old age, these people are like wilted flowers that cannot stand the pressure of air waves. They are incapable of defending themselves against physical violence and end up suffering from bruises, strains, burns and fractural wounds. Even worse, many elderly people were troubled through emotional torturing and psychological abuse. Using insulting verbal statements and humiliating language are common gestures that trigger psychological maltreatments. More commonly observed instances included threatening by their caretakers to desert them at old homes or similar institutions and hence some of them eventually ended up there. Rarely, there were cases that claimed that their family members were engaged in misappropriation of money or inheritance property and coercion to sign desired wills or legal documents. Mostly neglect was deliberate on part of their caretakers who intended to punish them by keeping them underfed or deprived of medications and other necessities. However, rarely some were of the view that their family was too occupied or incapable to take proper care of them (Lachs & Pillemer, 1995). Corrective measures The question that arises is how to stop this social evil that has embedded as part of our community. I inquired from my interviewees how they suggest this obstacle can be overcome. It is important that masses be educated at national level and through organizational activists and pressure groups so that awareness is est ablished and moral values are enhanced at individual level. It is the system and perceptions of people that need revamping to be free from prejudice against old people. Campaigns must be conducted to create better awareness and regulations must be incorporated that discourage and penalize such abusive acts. Rights of old people need to be restored through changes in legal frameworks and concept of institutionalization must be suppressed strictly.

Reengineering the Business Process in a Laundry Appliance Repair Shop Essay

Reengineering the Business Process in a Laundry Appliance Repair Shop - Essay Example â€Å"Fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business process to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, service, and speed." (Hammer & champy, 1993) This principle, combined with other management principles, will breathe a new life into the laundry appliance repair shop that is due for innovation as its operation process is inadequate to meet customer demand in terms of timely quality service, as well as achieve profit for the business. This proposal aims to evaluate the current business procedures that can be changed in order to meet customer specifications while at the same time increase organization efficiency by creating a performance standard which will enable the business compete suitably in the market. The laundry repair shop is a small business with the human resource capacity of two employees; the technician who handles repairs and a support person who handles the budget, call center and accounts. Currently the business proce dure is as follows: a customer calls the shop, the support person answers it and requests the potential client for their need. The support person then hangs up and calls the technician to inquire about his availability and the resource requirement for the job, i.e. time, costs. The client is then called back and the information is relayed back to them in order for contract to be accepted and put into the system. Also the business uses recycled old machine parts in the repairs when the customer cannot pay for new parts. This increases the probabilities of reworks and breakdowns. This business model is based on a finite small customer base where the technician could meet the demand of the market and faced very little competition, factors which have changed with growth in the customer demand, technology and increase in competition. Complete and radical change of the process is necessitated in order for the firm to achieve positive internal results, as well as satisfy its customers. By carefully defining the elements of processes, i.e. jobs, tasks, precedence constraints, resources and flow management protocols the dramatic change that is sought will be achieved (Hammer & champy, 1993) The first operation that will require change is the cumbersome and cost ineffective call center. The customer might require immediate and direct feedback within the shortest time on the availability and the cost of the service. The support staff also lacks general information of the job requirements or the availability of the technician making him unable to effectively queue the client’s job into the system. The lack of a job log in the process creates a situation in which jobs may be ignored, a timeline and standard record is unavailable and performance cannot be measured and evaluated for future planning. Finally, the use of old machine parts when customers are not willing to pay for new one affects the quality of the product and while it seems a like win-win in the short t erm, it leads to long term loses for the business with reworks, as well as customer dissatisfaction. With the identification of these three areas of the process as requiring redesign, the new business model will seek to completely change

An elderly person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An elderly person - Essay Example I discovered the hardships and abusive ill-treatment people face in our community when they grow old. It is only heartbreaking how elderly people do not receive the protocol by younger generations who do not, for once, consider the fact that they shall have to go through the same age later in life. This paper entails the abuses and neglects that people face at older ages and measures that can be taken to overcome these issues. A brief visit As I entered the old home, the disturbing smell of mothballs and urination got me. Soon immune to it, I moved on to identify people that might be most appropriate to be interviewed. Most of them had humped backs as if they carried burden of a million secrets for years. As I settled on a creaking bed to begin my interviews of selected people, I couldn’t make out if the squeaking sounds in the background were that of the bed or of their rusty knees moving. Each of them comfortably shared their experiences and as their wrinkled and leathery li ps moved, I could feel tears trickling down my cheeks hearing the tragic stories behind those blue and green veins and frail-skinned once-young people. Abuse and neglect of the elderly My findings from interviewing people at the institution concluded that they all have gone through some kind of abuse during their ageing periods. They face situations frequently where they are abused and neglected. This included physical abuse where their loved ones carried out actions aimed at injuring, hurting or causing physical pain to them. Due to old age, these people are like wilted flowers that cannot stand the pressure of air waves. They are incapable of defending themselves against physical violence and end up suffering from bruises, strains, burns and fractural wounds. Even worse, many elderly people were troubled through emotional torturing and psychological abuse. Using insulting verbal statements and humiliating language are common gestures that trigger psychological maltreatments. More commonly observed instances included threatening by their caretakers to desert them at old homes or similar institutions and hence some of them eventually ended up there. Rarely, there were cases that claimed that their family members were engaged in misappropriation of money or inheritance property and coercion to sign desired wills or legal documents. Mostly neglect was deliberate on part of their caretakers who intended to punish them by keeping them underfed or deprived of medications and other necessities. However, rarely some were of the view that their family was too occupied or incapable to take proper care of them (Lachs & Pillemer, 1995). Corrective measures The question that arises is how to stop this social evil that has embedded as part of our community. I inquired from my interviewees how they suggest this obstacle can be overcome. It is important that masses be educated at national level and through organizational activists and pressure groups so that awareness is est ablished and moral values are enhanced at individual level. It is the system and perceptions of people that need revamping to be free from prejudice against old people. Campaigns must be conducted to create better awareness and regulations must be incorporated that discourage and penalize such abusive acts. Rights of old people need to be restored through changes in legal frameworks and concept of institutionalization must be suppressed strictly.

LOG502 MoD 5 SLP Assignement (Logistics Design Alternatives) Essay

LOG502 MoD 5 SLP Assignement (Logistics Design Alternatives) - Essay Example The global market has become highly turbulent and competitive in most of the industries. In mobile industry there are many companies who have come up strongly and created a good impact in the global market. There is huge amount of competition in these industries with many major players like Nokia, Samsung, HTC, Motorola etc. The logistics system used by Nokia globally to have a competitive advantage over others is very agile (Schroeder 45-48). The agile supply chain and logistics system does allow the company to be flexible and also adapt to the changes in a quick time. This type of logistics system is been used basically to have a good response to the changes in demand in the market. The main focus of this logistic system is to have a good method of reaching to the customers and providing the customers the correct model at the correct time (Slack, Chambers and Johnston 89-94). In agile system of logistics the system is more dependent on the demand system than on forecast-demand. The extensive sharing of information among the suppliers and the buyers does create a lot of information for the company and as a result the inventory is filled with more of information than physical items (Branch 64-73). Nokia does use the best of information system and automated systems to make sure that they have a good communication with all the members of the supply chain network to make sure that they keep getting the information both about the products and also about the market de3mand on a continuous basis (Meindl and Chopra 45-53). This helps in a building a good level of integration among the partners of the entire logistics system. The distribution network used by the company is very extensive as it has got its warehouse and offices present in all the major cities across the world (Collin and Lorenzin, 43-49). From these warehouses the products are been send to all the retailers and the distributors based on the demand of each individual product (Waters 123-127). The mobile

Society originates Essay Example for Free

Society originates Essay Kallipolis now has three classes, the producers, the Guardians and the Philosopher-Kings and each member will perform that function, and only that function, for which he is destined by nature30. To distinguish between these classes and discover to which class each person belongs Plato brings in education and also his theory of a tripartite soul. Through this education process which is a concern of the state31 , all people reach their full potential and thereby acknowledge their social position. To understand the nature of the philosopher kings we examine Platos theory of the soul. There are three types of desire in the tripartite soul which correspond to the three parts of the state32; appetitive desires (base ones for things such as food, money and sex), spirited desires (for honour, victory and reputation) and rational desires (for knowledge and truth). In each person one of the three desires rules, thereby determining their class and values. Uneducated people are ruled by their appetites and although they can be trained through physical education and a mix of reading, writing, dance and song33 they will only have acquired a level of virtue to act prudently34. This is the producer classes. For these money is the best way of satisfying their desires. Further education leaves people ruled by their spirited desires35; this is the Guardian class that want honour. They are more virtuous than the producers but not as virtuous as the philosopher kings. Those that make it right through the education system are the philosopher kings who are bound by rational desires of the soul. They are fully virtuous and knowledgeable36 and C. Reeve argues that the education process will make them distribute the benefits of this knowledge among the citizens whilst ruling. There are other proposals for the production of citizens of the right sort including restriction of the arts, the institution of mating festivals and private property is to be abolished37 (for the two higher classes so they can focus solely on their function as rulers). Plato states the philosophers are above any corruption due to their education and training which makes them designed solely to govern and it means they possess knowledge and understanding no one else in the city does. They will not be corrupted by ruling because they recognise that others, lacking their knowledge, would do a worse job than themselves. It is a duty they must perform, to spend the rest of their time doing what they really want to do philosophical research. Plato also sets down strict guidelines for the guardians way of life, especially the absence of family life and private property which he considers the greatest temptation in public life. Plato has two ways to further explain this division of class to the reader and the people within the state. The first is the allegory of the Cave. To understand this we have to understand the forms of the good38. Kraut defines them as eternal, changeless, imperceptible and bodiless objects a pre-eminent good39 which will improve our lives we if understand and love them. Those that discover these forms, the philosophers, will attain complete happiness and will have a duty to relate these forms back to society. All mankind is situated within the cave and are all initially chained to the wall, seeing shadows of the forms which they believe are the real things. Those that break free, the philosophers, are free from illusion40 and see not only the form of the good. They are able to exit the cave and see this light and have a duty to bring it back to society. The other story is the myth of the metals41, often known as the noble lie42. The tale goes that when each person was fashioned by the gods a metal was added to each person which qualifies their social class. Those with gold in them are rulers, silver in the auxiliaries and iron and bronze in the producers. Within each class however children can be born with a higher/lower metal in their souls than their parents. When this happens they are to be promoted/demoted to their proper class43. This myth was propagated to serve to increase their (civilians) loyalty to the state and to each other44 and to persuade people to accept their social class as their destiny and therefore not to challenge it. The Economic classes should therefore take this rule without demur as the relationship of classes, like everything else in the state is perfect45. It promotes the fact that there are natural differences between human beings46 and that through education these metals can be ascertained and streamlined. However as a Christian I do not believe Platos view, that the philosopher king should rule, is correct. There are several reasons for this. The first is education does not necessarily make anyone more virtuous than others. The Bible states that all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God47 and this is shown in practise today by the fact that the educated rulers can be corrupt, unfaithful to their wives and motivated by money/involved in bribery. Since the Bible tells us that we all are selfish by nature, and education cannot remove this, we should not expect the rulers to solely put the needs of others above their own desires for power, wealth, property and status, however noble that may be. The taking away of the family from the philosopher class would also in my opinion make him a worse ruler, less in touch with society and less developed as a character. Also from a secular viewpoint it is not right to put only educated rulers from one strata of society in power when those from a less education background could be more in touch with society and its needs. Also the prospect of a state education system selecting the leaders of the city is a matter of concern as the relevant knowledge which Plato advocates is purely a matter of opinion and therefore may be biased. Also these rational desires, that the philosopher king is supposed to have, are not I believe the monopoly of the educated. They can be found at all levels of society. Also Plato denies personal advancement in his city, especially once a person has been graded. In reality however once people have met their basic needs there is a desire for more. Also it is not natural for people to forgo private property even if they are a ruler. Therefore I would conclude that Platos view, that the philosopher kings should rule, is incorrect and unrealistic in terms of any real society and its values.2,045 words. Bibliography TEXT USED Plato, The Republic, Penguin Classics 2nd edition 1987 OTHER WORKS David Reece, Plato in Political Thinkers, pp 54-72 Edward Andrew, Equality of opportunity as the noble lie History of Political Thought X, 4 (1989), pp 577-596 Rex Martin, The ideal state in Platos Republic History of Political Thought II,1 (1981) P1-30 Richard Kraut, The defence of justice in Platos Republic The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge 1992, pp311-337 Christopher Rowe, Plato: the search for an ideal form of state Plato to Nato (1990), BBC books. Timothy Shiell, The Unity of Platos Political Thought History of Political Though XII,3 (1991) pp377-390 1 Plato, The Republic, P 56 Quote of a sub title 2 Rex Martin, The Ideal State in Platos Republic P1 3 Plato The Republic P56, Quote from Editor, Desmond Lee 4 Ibid P58 5 Ibid P59 6 Ibid P60 7 Ibid P60 8 Ibid P61 9 Ibid P61 10 Ibid P61 11 Ibid P61 12 IbidP62 13 Ibid P62 14 Plato The Republic P62 15 Ibid P63 16 Ibid P63 17 Rex, Martin The Ideal State In Platos Republic, P2 18 Plato, The Republic P63 19 Ibid P64 20 Ibid P64 21 Plato, The Republic, P65. 22 Ibid P66 23 Ibid P67 24 Ibid P66 25 Ibid P68 26 Ibid P121 27 Ibid P121 28 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 29 Plato, The Republic P119 30 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 31 Ibid P70 32 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P23 33 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 34 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic P3 of article 35 Ibid P3 36 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 37 Christopher Rowe, From Plato to Nato P24 38 Plato, The Republic, P239. 39 Richard Kraut, The defence of justice in the Republic, The Cambridge companion to Plato 40 C. D Reeve in Political Thinkers An overview of the Republic 41 Plato, The Republic, P213 42 Edward Andrew, Equality of Opportunity as the Noble Lie P 577 43 R. Martin, The Ideal State In Platos Republic P10 44 Plato, The Republic P123 45 R. Martin, The Ideal State in Platos Republic P 9 46 Edward Andrew, Equality of Opportunity as the Noble Lie P1 47 Bible, NIV Romans 3 v 23 GV100 Introduction to Political Theory, Essay No 1 Name: Sarah Pickwick Class: 7 Teacher: Mr J Olsson.

Effect Of Globalization On Multinational Corporations Economics Essay

Effect Of Globalization On Multinational Corporations Economics Essay Globalisation is the competition in an international market. The growth rate of developing nations and their acquisitions of previously first-world owned corporations indicates that the developed world no longer has the upper hand- economic growth in the west has been miniscule in comparison. Success in this new global market requires the ability to accommodate the different needs of diverse consumer groups. Companies can achieve this through product and process innovations and maximise profits. Entrepreneurship is also increasingly recognised and as an alternative course to fortune as opposed to trading rare commodities. The new market (developing markets) Companies from emergent economies are following the lead of their developed counterparts, issuing stocks and encouraging investment. This encouraged growth and share appreciation, surpassing past expectations. Some emerging companies growth has even outpaced well-known multi-national companies (MNCs) from the developed world- competing, acquiring and exploiting the endeavours and experiences of first-world MNCs. Similarly, developed nations are tapping into emerging economies, for their market, stock markets and possible mutually beneficial co-operation opportunities. If current economic growth pervades, a common interest for all MNCs could be consumers from non-developed markets. Increasing affluence leads to increased consumption of goods and services in developing nations, this trend is forecasted to continue for years. Local companies however, have an advantage of producing products that meet the minimum requirements of the locals. Developed corporations are unwilling to risk their reputation and may need other strategies to tap into low-end consumer markets. Suspicion of bad capitalism (Baumol, Litan and Schramm, 2007) in emerging economies stirred protectionist sentiments in developed countries. This is reasonable as many emergent economies have government suppor, giving them unfair advantage over their developed rivals. Developing countries political systems differ greatly from those in developed nations, where corruption, political influence over business and intellectual property rights, could be a problem. One concern is that large MNCs may choose to adopt a different ethical stand in countries with lax regulations. Other forms of government intervention, like subsidies or grants, that fuels economic growth is not sustainable indefinitely, and may eventually induce economic backlash. This taught managers to implement strict regulations over the corporation and stick to effective and orthodox business strategies to stay competitive. First-worlds (DEVELOPED MNCs) Developed MNCs may have certain concerns when investing in emergent economies. These may include corrupt or non-meritocratic politicians in the government, protectionist sentiments against foreign MNCs and suspicion amongst employees of different backgrounds and ethnicities. The lack of diversification within the board of directors, and thus shortage of insight into developing economies, may be a challenge for first-world MNCs. First-world MNCs relocate their businesses, acquire local firms and hire local talents to stay relevant. Combining competitive local resources with global operations, MNCs engage in risk-sharing and engage in mutually beneficial alliances with smaller firms to effectively tap into developing markets. Large MNCs might also approach government officials directly with an analysis of the countrys issues and offer solutions though their products and services. This alleviates problems and improves the countrys appeal to potential investors, and concurrently generates revenue for the firm. Due to globalisation, skills of the old become obsolete; they no longer deal with the developed world, but developing economies instead. Large MNCs recognise this and to better manage overseas operations, they deploy more competent staff abroad and even look for talented natives to fill top positions, though eligible candidates are scarce and retaining them is difficult. Emergent economies (FIRMS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES) Emergent countries bring forward products and strategies that push prices to a new low- specialising in low-end markets and increasingly compete with large firms in the middle-income bracket as well. Though growth may be rapid, studies have found developing MNCs business models and tactics short of their first-world counterparts, placing doubt on the sustainability of their economic growth. Although these companies may still be inexperienced and face various problems, they adopt sensible measures and aspire to raise the company, and meet global standards. Individuals and companies in developing nations are also beginning to strive towards better governance and demanding higher ethical standards from politicians and businesses alike. This spurs positive sentiments to the potential of these firms, though they are not based in first-world nations. Corporate-social responsibility on the world stage Being a good corporate citizen has brought more benefits than costs. This has helped firms attract clients, be socially responsible and gain an edge over unethical rivals. However, some governments continue to devalue ethics and interfere in business dealings for political ends, proliferating bad capitalism. Government intervention in business deals can hinder or aid transactions. Corrupt officials can hasten legal processes for firms with bribes, and others boycott and ban transactions due to non-economic reasons. This raises the issue of how the governing body will affect business if they choose to start operations in the country. Sovereign-wealth funds (SWFs) from developing countries have been increasingly active in acquiring stakes in foreign firms. Though this has provided needy corporations with capital, the expansion of the SWFs portfolios is attracting close attention. Concerns rise over what the SWFs will do with the acquired stakes and assets, for political reasons or for strategy or did they just invest their money for monetary returns. Criticisms are not well received by the SWFs and the IMF is working on guidelines for SWFs to follow in order to quell concerns. As time passes, SWFs would have obtained a probable proportion of stakes in corporations around the world, making them partially or entirely state-owned. Some are concerned that SWFs from countries like Russia and China might exert unhealthy influence on businesses and move towards state-led capitalism instead of the free-market system, proliferating bad capitalism. Currently, there has been no concrete proof to incriminate them of these deeds. Ultimately, if the worlds governments, businesses and societies were to be educated about good capitalism, globalization would bring the world together in the name of progress.

Ageism and the Media Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Ageism and the Media    Women over forty are constantly being either ignored or belittled in the media. There are countless women in their twenties and early thirties all over television and the movies. In magazines, the models tend to be much younger. Many are under twenty. Model Roxanne Daner is only 17, but her career will be over by the time she's 20. "I'm afraid to get old. I already feel old. I like to tell people that I'm 17, because 17 sounds young and they think that there is so much ahead for you. But 18, it's like there is not that much more - there's really only two more years." (Changing Face of Beauty: Illusions). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 42% of Americans are fourty and older. In 1999, the Screen Actors Guild reported that only 1 in three roles went to performers over fourty. However, women over fourty fared worse than men of the same age. While 37% of male roles in television and film went to men fourty-years-old and over, only 24% went to women of the same age. 34% of male lead roles went to older men while only 21% went to older female leads. These depictions of older females are far from accurate when compared to the population. Now that's not to say that there's nothing out there - surly there are some additions to the re-runs of the Golden Girls - "the Bridges of Madison County," even older sex symbols like Sean Connery. But nothing commensurate with the size, wealth, and media dedication of the older population. (Starr) Of the top ten network television shows (excluding reality shows and game shows) for March 5-11, 2001; all ten portrayed men over forty while only seven portrayed women over forty. There were twenty-five males and seven females over forty. For every one female, t... ...ww.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/illusions2.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty: Models http://www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/models.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty: Views. "Sela Ward" http://www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views5b.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Changing Face of Beauty: Views. "Maricia Gillespie" http://www.lifetimetv.com/shows/specials/changingface/views.html Life Time Entertainment Services. 2000 Douglas, Susan J. Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media. New York: Random House Publishing, 1994, 278. Starr, Bernard. IT AIN'T JUST PAINT:AGING AND THE MEDIA   http://www.longevityworld.com/justpaint.html. 1997 Wolff, Naomi. The Beauty Myth. New York: Doubleday Publishing, 1991   

Stress and Anger Essay -- Stress Anger Psychology Essays

Stress and Anger Stress and Anger have always been related with each other. There have been countless studies, even more theories, about stress and anger and how they relate. But, no matter how many studies are conducted, there will always be the questions about whether or not stress and anger are related. But, I am here to provide the facts on both stress and anger, and then allow you, as the reader, to determine the relationship, because all-in-all, I feel that stress and anger can and cant be related, depending on the circumstance. If psychologists completely understood how stress and fears developed, we would know how to produce and reduce a phobia or an anxiety state. We don't. There seems to be a wide variety of life experiences which result in some form of stress, fear, anxiety, or psychosomatic illness. It would be convenient if life were simpler but it isn't. Perhaps a summary will help you review the ways you might become stressed and anxious Changes, such as sudden trauma, several big crises, or many small daily hassles, cause stress. Intense stress years earlier, especially in childhood, can predispose us to over-react to current stress. Events, such as barriers and conflicts that prevent the changes and goals we want, create stress. Having little control over our lives, e.g. being "on the assembly line" instead of the boss, contrary to popular belief, often increases stress and illness. Many environmental factors, including excessive or impossible demands, noise, boring or lonely work, stupid rules, unpleasant people, etc., cause stress. Conflicts in our interpersonal relationships cause stress directly and can eventually cause anxieties and emotional disorders. The human body has different ways of responding to stress; one quick responding nerve-hormonal system involving adrenaline, another long-lasting system involving cortisol, and perhaps others. These systems not only determine the intensity of our anxiety reactions but also our attitudes, energy level, depression, and physical health after the stressful events are over. As individuals, our nervous systems differ; however, according to Richard Dienstbier at the University of Nebraska, we may be able to modify our unique physiological reactions by learning coping skills. The genetic, constitutional, and intrauterine factors influence stress. Some of us may have been born "nerv... ...nd anti-social behavior. It is also known that a viral infection, called rabies, causes violent behavior. About 90% of women report being irritable before menstruation. Furthermore, 50% of all crimes by women in prison occurred during their menstrual period or premenstrual period. By chance only 29% of crimes would have occurred during those eight days. Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) increases during the premenstrual period and it causes irritability. In all of these possibilities--instinct, heredity, hormones, or brain dysfunction--the aggression occurs without apparent provocation from the environment (although there is almost always a "target"). According to some of these theories, the need or urge to be aggressive is boiling within each of us and seeks opportunities to express itself. There is also clear evidence that alcohol consumption and hotter temperatures release aggression, but no one thinks there is something in alcohol or heat that generates meanness. The socialization process, i.e. becoming a mature person, involves taming these destructive, savage, self-serving urges that probably helped us humans survive one million years ago but threatens our survival today.

Apush Vietnam War Essay

It is obvious that the wars impact the involving powers. The Vietnam War greatly changed America forever. It was the longest war fought in America’s history, lasting from 1955 to 1973. The Vietnam War tarnished America’s self-image by becoming the first time in history the United States failed to accomplish its stated war aims, to preserve a separate, independent, non communist government. The war also had great effects on the American people. It was the first war ever broadcast on television. The public was able to see what happened on the battlefield. One of the chief effects of the war was the division it caused among the people. Americans have never been as divided since the Civil war. This war would have lasting effects on the United States. The Vietnam War took longer than America had expected and its short term failures and the long lasting permanent defeat caused America a great loss of military, loss of human resources and most deadly, the loss of American hope. During the four years it took Nixon to end the war, he expanded the conflict into Cambodia and Laos and launched a massive bombing campaign; although many legislators criticized the war, the Congress never denied the funds to fight on the foreign land. For instance, General Fred, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, wrote a Memorandum to the President Ford, which stated, â€Å"We went to Vietnam in the first place to assist the South Vietnamese people–not to defeat the North Vietnamese. We reached out our hand to the South Vietnamese people, and they took it. Even though America tried to help, Vietnam was the land of its people, so they knew their land way better than Americans. Additionally, a reaction to the U. S. Peace moves in Vietnam voiced, â€Å"Indian reactions to the late March, 1968, U. S. peace efforts in Vietnam are somewhat mixed. About four out of ten literates agreed that the U. S. was sincerely trying to end the war, while nearly a third had reservations about the American intent. † Americans started having mixed feelings about the war. Many wanted the war to end and some felt like it wasn’t worth fighting for. The critical turning point came with the Tet Offensive, which began on January 30, 1968 when the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong attacked the key cities and every major American base in South Vietnam. The Tet Offensive underscored the credibility gap between the official statements and the war’s actual progress. On May 1, 1975, the North Vietnamese occupied Saigon and Americans evacuated with 150,000 of their South Vietnamese allies. After all the wars that came before this one, America have always had a stand as the world power, and with that, they believed they could win any war. Johnson faced a dilemma in Vietnam: his predecessors had made a commitment to stop the Communism there and the American public also seemed willing to follow his leadership, but some of his advisers cautioned him against the continued American involvement. Some critics of the war advised the administration to pursue a face-saving way out of Vietnam but Johnson continued to dispatch more advisers, weapons, and economic aid. In 1964 president Johnson, believing that the American credibility was on the line, seized the opportunity to increase the pressure on North Vietnam. However with that in mind, at home, the people were doubting Johnson’s decisions and many totally condemned it. For example, Ronald Ridenhour, a veteran who survived the My Lai Massacre reported to The New York Times, â€Å"It would show the American people and their Government that the policies of force abroad and deception at home were not only antithetical to the principles of a democratic society but low, mean, stupid, brutal and self-destructive as well. † He desired to have the government system to more organize and to follow through with their words. Unlike Johnson, Nixon had a different approach towards the war. Working with Henry Kissinger, his national security assistant and key foreign policy advisor, Nixon exploited the deterioration of Soviet-Chinese relations which began in the early 1960s. After two years of secret negotiations, in February 1972, Nixon became the nation’s first president to set foot on Chinese soil; although the act was largely symbolic, cultural and scientific exchanges followed. As Nixon and Henry Kissinger hoped, the warning of U. S. -Chinese relations increased Soviet responsiveness to their strategy of detente. In Vietnam and elsewhere, Nixon and Kissinger continued to equate the Marxism with a threat to American interests and actively resisted the social revolutions that might lead to the Communism. Jane Fonda in a broadcast at Hanoi, stated, â€Å"One thing that I have learned beyond a shadow of a doubt since I’ve been in this country is that Nixon will never be able to break the spirit of these people; he’ll never be able to turn Vietnam, north and south, into a neo-colony of the United States by bombing, by invading, by attacking in any way. She believed that fighting won’t settle down any problems related with the war ,instead it will just be a waste of time. In the April of 1972, Congress was getting more concerned about abuses of Presidential power day by day; the Senate voted to terminate the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution but the House did not go along. Consequently, Nixon pulled the U. S. soldiers out of Cambodia. When drafted into the war, American soldiers had no idea about how long the war would last, but some of them entered into the war with pride, because they had the notion of fighting on foreign land for their homeland. Little did they know that it will change their lives forever. By observing the photos of wounded marines, it becomes evident that if they were badly injured, they could not return to the war and was sent home. After the war had ended, all the veterans were damaged; physically or mentally. The veterans generally expressed two kinds of reactions to the defeat. For instance, Mr. Ron Ridenhour, who witnessed the undeniable situation of the My Lai Massacre expressed,â€Å"I must take some positive action on this matter. I hope that you will launch an investigation immediately and keep me informed of your progress. † He asked the government to bring the incident into the light. He believed that there should be a reasonable explanation for what happened in My Lai, a suspicious incident. Similar to Mr. Ron Ridenhour, many others regarded the commitment as an honorable one and felt betrayed by the U. S. government for not letting them and their now-dead comrades win the war; others blamed the government for sacrificing the lives of the American youth in an immoral or useless war. Because the Vietnam War was in large part a civil, guerrilla war, combat was remarkably brutal. The Veterans Administration (VA) estimated that nearly one-sixth of the three million veterans suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. Thus it can be said that the U. S. entered a war for which they had no idea about how to end it. This is valid to say that the technological United States failed in front of united human power. The Vietnam war has mpacted America’s point of view and perspective of its people due to the war being a failure. Delusioned by the thoughts of having victory in every war, and then suddenly not being able to stop the spread of communism within a country abroad, and lastly, the voice of the American people which did support the war; the Vietnam war has changed America by uplifting the absolute trust of the American public on the American Government, American Military and the American leadership.

John Wooden, Wooden on Leadership

John Wooden on Leadership I am informing the SAI that Wooden on Leadership by John Wooden is a book that demonstrates and shows leadership skills. John Wooden started his leadership in 1932 at football practice in Kentucky as the coach. He then went on to become head coach At UCLA in 1949. While at UCLA Wooden wrote his fifteen steps of leadership. Wooden’s pyramid of success not only helped his team, but his own life. The first block on the pyramid is to be industrious. Wooden grew up on a small farm and learned you had to be up early and work very late.A normal person will complain when tired, but an industrious person will work hard and strive for the best that they can achieve. One should not want to stop when they can, but work all the way through until the job is done even if the person is tired and weak because they strive to complete whatever is needed. A person should be focused on the objective and not what they want to do later. While being industrious, a person als o needs to have enthusiasm. As a leader a person must be filled with energy and love what they are doing. If a leader has enthusiasm for what they are doing their followers will too.Being enthused can make or break whether the job is completed. A person’s enthusiasm can turn a boring or failing job into a well working successful accomplishment. A job should always be done with eagerness to show that you care. Friendship plays a big role in the success of leadership. A person should not bring or hold their â€Å"favorites† above any one when it comes to leadership just because they are your friend doesn’t make them the best person to complete your goal. A person should stay professional when around friends, but still treat the friends equal to the other subordinates.Seek to find the strengths of friendships among the group and do what is necessary to keep the job going. Don’t judge a person’s ability to tribute to the team because you don’t k now them as well as the others around you. When being the leader you should always show loyalty to a fellow member. When you show loyalty to you team, you will receive loyalty back. A leader has to search their people to find loyalty and gain their interest of wanting to succeed. When a person is in a group doing a job, they want to have loyalty spread through the effort.A leader should not only be loyal to their group, but also themselves. To accomplish an objective a person must have cooperation with his/her people. Cooperation is the key to allowing a job to be complete. Nothing can be fully done without cooperation of a team. When cooperation is being executed the job becomes easier because more opinions allow for all the problems to be solved. When I becomes we more is done and more can be dealt with. A leader needs to have a lot of self-control to overcome challenges. Self-control makes a good leader because they set the example.When a leader has self-control, it allows for th e team to have self-control as well. Focusing on controlling yourself when times are hard in completing an objective by controlling yourself can make the outcome easier to obtain in the end. Self-control brings self-discipline which a leader has to show allowing the followers to have a person to reflect from. As a leader works with his/her followers they always need to have alertness. When a leader’s is gifted with alertness, it comes in handy on supervising if and when you need to switch out the jobs of your followers to allow the group to grow as one.Alertness is essential to finding the trend, opportunities, and changes that can or should be made to make a better organization to complete what needs to be done. A leader must evaluate their team to know the advantages and disadvantages so the problem can be faced with the most critical way to strive and obtain the goal. A leader can have a potential weapon if he/she is alert on a constant basis. A leader must be a risk taker and strive for initiative. If a follower fails to take initiative then it falls back on the leader because the leader did not force the player to take initiative and run with it.Failure is necessary to the initiative of ending with successfulness. A leader with initiative also has courage in that his/her group will strive to do the very best. A team that makes the most mistakes to complete the goal usually wins in the end whether it is winning a game or making the deadline. Without intentness the team would soon rather quit and give up on accomplishing what needs to be done. A leader with intentness may not complete all short term goals, but will make up double with the end result. If the leader makes a goal, it may take time because all good things will take time as well as willingness to make the goal.Always fight for the best because you will always come out better in the end. Intentness will make a team strive even when times are hard and seem like all else fails. Conditioning all around is one of the centers of the thing that is demanded from a team. Not only physical condition, but mental plays a big part of the successfulness in a team. When a leader has conditioning all around, he can bend and squeeze his/ her way to show what is best for the team. A team uses moderation to condition the way things are done to allow the best way possible to prevail.Condition from a leader can make a team grow together as one and always succeed. A team always needs skill as well as team spirit. Team spirit comes from the skill of the group. A team’s skill comes from each individual and they work together to succeed. Skill comes from each individual and the leader has to make everyone work together to complete the task. Team spirit only comes when a team’s skill works together. A team’s greatest strength is staying poise and having confidence. Poise is staying calm when under pressure and a leader should make his team just be their selves.When a tea m is poise, they have confidence that they will strive for the best. A leader will always have confidence that his team will do the right thing. Being poise in every situation will, take a group succeed. Competitive greatness is the final step of the pyramid. Always be the best that you can be. Never settle for the least and always strive for the goal and completing the task. Wooden closes with saying that you always work with your team to be successful. A leader has to have these characteristics to be able to lead a group to complete their goals and be the best they can be.

REFORMING THE NATION, RESPONDING TO WAR, FAMOUS SPEECHES Essay

REFORMING THE NATION, RESPONDING TO WAR, FAMOUS SPEECHES - Essay Example The war had far-reaching effects in all aspects of the lives of the German people both politically, economically, socially, culturally and environmentally. There were tremendous changes in the culture of the German people after the First World War. The Nazis developed a belief that individuals were not important and what they needed was a strong government. An ideology was developed that women were to be trained for childbearing and home keeping while men were to be equipped with military and working skills (Roberts, p.46). These beliefs brought about a lot of changes in the way of life, education system, and culture of the German people. In the post world war one Germany, all learning institutions become single sex. Ladies and young men were given different forms of training. The different trainings offered ensured ladies did not have careers but become housewives after marriage. Young people in schools sung about aggression, brutality, and anti-Semitism. Young people were encouraged to play with guns and take pleasure in fighting. During that period, women were encouraged to have more than four children and those who complied were aw arded gifts. The lives of women were to revolve around â€Å"family, church and food preparation†. In addition, they were expected to shy away from smoking and wearing makeup. A lot of ideals were also developed for German households. In contrast to how women were treated, young boys were trained majorly in science and arithmetic. Their training involved a lot of physical exercises, and it was compulsory that they join the labor service at the age of eighteen. The work there was mainly blue-collar which ensured that men toughened up for the military. It was after that a requirement that every man serve in the military for two years before joining the workforce (Roberts, p. 46). Women were laid away off their jobs to create chances for men. After the war, many soldiers believed

Healthcare Milestones and Benchmarks Research Paper

Healthcare Milestones and Benchmarks - Research Paper Example tient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has been the one of the most valuable dimensions in the past decades, which has been introduced by the President of the US Barrack Obama in the year 2010. Even before that, US social legislation had passed Oregon Death with Dignity Act (ODDA) in the year 1994. Apart from these, in the year 1973, United States had developed the Health Maintenance Organisation Act (HMO), which has been implemented widely in healthcare industry till the present scenario. Besides, the United States government had passed the Social Security Act in the year 1935, which has established the principle of federal aid for the people of America. Moreover, during the World War-I in the year 1919, the American Medical Association (AMA) House of Delegates officially convicted compulsory health insurance for the public of the United States. Besides, AMA had also restricted the involvement of third parties in between the patient and medical aspects (Sultz & Young, 2010 ). With regard to the impact of the identified milestones and benchmark events on the healthcare system, it can be apparently asserted that the benchmarking events or milestones have contributed to the development of the American healthcare industry significantly. During the year 1940, 9% of the U.S. population had health insurance, which had exceeded the figure of around 74% by the year 1986 (Sultz & Young, 2010). On the other hand, through Social Security Act, the American government has been able to address several diseases and has been capable of improving the quality of food, drugs and cosmetics for consumer protection. Furthermore, through the help of Health Maintenance Organisations the American government has been capable of promoting health and preventing illnesses. Consequently, Oregon Death with Dignity Act has allowed adult incurably ill residents of Oregon to select the path of self-administration of lethal drugs to end their own lives. Simultaneously, PPACA has

The Role Of The Born Global Firms In International Business Assignment

The Role Of The Born Global Firms In International Business - Assignment Example b) Globalization and born global businesses are highly related to each other. One is the cause of the emergence of the other. Both the emerging globalization and the born-global businesses share some common issues with each other. Here, the issues found in the article have been briefly discussed.ïÆ'Ëœ Trade barriers are totally removed from most of the European economies of western countries. There each of the companies from domestic to international all of them competes with each other according to their potentiality.ïÆ'Ëœ The emerging industrialization, as well as modernization, caused globalization in the eastern economies like India, China. This indirectly helps the born global firms of the European countries to get a global market for performing their business.ïÆ'Ëœ It has also been observed nowadays, that the regional integration like NAFTA and the European Union has massively increased, which made easy for a born global firm to expand its business internationally (Case 1).à ¯Æ'Ëœ The growing integration in the global financial market has made the born global businesses more effective in the emerging economies. When the European countries would suffer from the debt crisis, the born global firms of those countries were much concerned to expand their business initially in the developing economies so that they can give potential threat to their American rival in the global financial market.Q.2. The smuggling business is growing rapidly among the spiritual Syrian people

Business planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business planning - Essay Example For formation of a successful business plan all the internal key players of the organization should be involved. Their suggestions and ideas should be valued by the top level management and the business head’ as they are more involved in the on field tasks and can give an insight of on field operations. Also all the core components of the business i.e. all the departments of the business should be actively involved in the business process of planning as they specialize in their respective departments. They know what their strengths and weaknesses are and through this the business can extract its strengths and weaknesses as a whole. By consulting and getting a vote of majority on which goals and objectives to pursue the business functions as a whole and the departments will make efforts for achievement of these goals and objectives later on in the execution stage as they were involved in the planning process and their opinions and suggestions were valued. As most of the busines s plans in the industry which have been successful had the inclusion of the internal stakeholders of the business in the planning process this indicates that the claim made by Stutley was quite true in the sense that if in the start all the internal key players of business from the start are involved in the business activities , this makes a sense of ownership and loyalty prevail amongst the members of the organization and each player feels as an important member of the business hence working for the good of business is taken up as a responsibility by the members of the organization which is quite necessary for business to expand and succeed. A business plan in simple words can be stated as those set of activities or the line of action which is needed to be followed or taken by an organization or a corporation to identify its goals and objectives. It can be termed as the backbone of firm’s business i.e. it guides the company or the organization to the right path so as to adhe re to its vision and stay put on its mission along with catering to the organization’s need for arrangement of resources and have certain contingency measures available at all times in case of problems and troublesome situations. For many people there is a certain misconception that a business plan is formed only while starting the business as it indentifies the short and long term objectives the business wants to achieve over a period of time. That is a structured presentation of business goals and objectives, along with the inclusion of financial statements through which business can approach investors for investments and loans. But in reality a business plan is a framework for running the business and according to certain situations or scenarios faced , the plan can be changed and new additions or modifications can be made in the original plan later on in to business. Not everything can be included in the business plan from the start as you cannot perfectly predict how muc h investment and resources will be required and how will the market trends change or shift from time to

Designing a Diversity Workshop for University Faculty Incorporating Research Paper

Designing a Diversity Workshop for University Faculty Incorporating Multicultural and International Objectives - Research Paper Example Diversity, in years gone by, was not embraced. In fact, it was often shunned to the point where the country saw many colleges and universities rise to the level one race, one religion, and one culture. To continue with this practice would not only be an injustice to students around the world who have come to cherish our individual freedoms and liberties, but it would service to deny faculty and the student body alike the privilege of learning in a multi-cultural environment. Understanding and accepting people of other cultures and beliefs do not have to be a daunting task. It simply requires compassion and a desire learn from and embrace others. Our university might be small in number, but we have the capacity to develop a cultural awareness that rivals institutions much larger than our own. Our own faculty is diverse, yet we have failed to tap into this reality. We should be making use of our broad range of professional and military experience in order to better understand the diver sity existent around us and to use the knowledge to impact our student body as well. This training program has been developed with our faculty in mind. It will focus on the instructional methodologies inherent in multicultural education, and it will create a sense of global awareness amongst us all that we must be conversant with the latest educational issues, diversity, and multicultural theory. It is in so doing that we will truly become a global institution who can make a positive impact in the field of education, while embracing multicultural diversity and becoming more accepting of each student and staff member who passes through our illustrious halls. Purpose There is no mistaking that the world is becoming increasingly diverse, yet this same diversity has not been reflected in the field of higher education. According to Hill, et. al (2011), only 10% of earned Doctorates in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are represented by minority groups (p. 2 0). This not only leaves a great gap in these critical fields, but it indicates a troubling trend. If universities cannot embrace multicultural education, then society will be losing out on valuable learning opportunities moving forward. This purpose of this training workshop is to reverse this trend by providing faculty members with the tools necessary to incorporate multicultural education into the classroom, thereby encouraging diversity and an exchanging of scholarly and academic ideas across cultures. Embracing the diversity amongst us, a further purpose of this workshop will be to share various pedagogical techniques with one another that will serve to enhance our own multicultural understanding. Our students are increasingly coming from a diverse background and we must work together with all students to foster an atmosphere of understanding and respect. This begins with the faculty, each of who has valuable experience to draw from in the field of diversity education. Embracin g all people does require, to some extent, a shift in our way of thinking and the methods that we employ in our disciplines. It has been noted by some faculty members at other institutions that, â€Å"Fundamental and sustainable change is possible, given the right combination of vision, compromise, and commitment† (Grogan & Vaz, 2003, p. 35). It is this primary need for change that forms the basis for this

Hybrid electric vehicle Essay Example for Free

Hybrid electric vehicle Essay 1) Who is the target market for each of the following cars? What do you think motivates them to purchase these cars? A)Toyota Prius B)Toyota Prado The Toyota Prius is a hybrid electric car which is one of the first of its kind to be mass produced and marketed. The unique feature of the Prius is its Hybrid Synergy Drive which makes use of both the traditional petrol driven engine and an electric motor. This electric motor allows the Prius to switch off its petrol engine when stationary; and recharge the electric motor using the kinetic energy produced when braking. This not only conserves a lot of energy and petrol, and also allows for a smoother drive in the city areas which tend to have greater road congestion. Toyota’s largest target market would be educated working adults in developed urbanised countries especially in the West where there is a subculture of environmental concerns and issues which are relatively more active compared with the rest of the world. Thus the educated working class in these countries would be attracted to the Prius’ energy and fuel savings, and automatic battery recharging which would not only be a lot more environmentally friendly, but would ensure a more smoothly-powered ride to work in a congested city morning. Furthermore, the affordability of the Prius as compared to other Toyota vehicles coupled with even greater cost savings on fuel – cuts fuel consumption by 40% is an added incentive for these environmentally conscious consumers as they might worry that specially designed green technology might be expensive One of the factors that could motivate these consumers to purchase the Prius is lifestyle. These consumers would be largely influenced by social needs which would in turn shape their own beliefs and attitudes. With the constant reminders of depleting energy resources and global warming in society today, people’s attitudes are changing as they become more willing to adopt new approaches to conserve energy – an environmentally friendly car for the purpose of travelling. Furthermore, as the target market’s lifestyle patterns would be to get to work efficiently and economically, they would want a car that is affordable. Hence these are the factors motivating them to purchase the Toyota Prius. 1b) The Toyota Prado is one of Toyota’s newest SUVs with a four wheel drive and a powerful engine that aims to give its driver an edge above the usual car. The main strengths of the Prado aside from its power is the spaciousness inside and also the stability of the vehicle. The main target market of the Prado would be the sports and outdoors inclined consumers. These buyers will be looking for a car that has enough space and gadgets to transport large sports equipment like bicycles, scuba-gear, surfing†¦ among others. Lifestyle is an influential factor in the buyer’s choice of car. An upper/middle working class executive might choose the Prius for its sleekness and elegance, whereas a buyer who spends much of his time in the outdoors would choose the Prado. The 4 wheel drive that is powered by a strong engine is a significant advantage for buyers who frequently travel on rough terrain. Also the enhanced control and traction that the Prado provides would allow for a smoother ride for the buyer on such ground. Another factor that could motivate these buyers is their own personalities or self-concepts. While some buyers might not be that involved in the outdoors or be so sports-inclined, they might want to portray a more rugged and masculine side of themselves. An example would be in Singapore where there is hardly any road conditions that require the all-terrain drive of a 4 wheel drive vehicle; however, SUVs are a common sight. These could be the manifestations of a psychological need of some buyers who feel a connection with the ‘tough’ and sporty image that a Prado would give. In conclusion, I can see how Toyota has successfully chosen its target markets and analysed their motivations to help them develop different types of cars to cater to each market. This would allow them to appeal to a greater share of the consumer pie, and hence might allow them to gain greater market share.