Complex Adaptive System

In-class Paper #3November 8, 2011 Topic: Define what a complex versatile framework is and recognize the attributes of complex versatile frameworks Discuss how complex versatile frameworks impact human services and along these lines nursing practice. Use models structure your training to pass on your comprehension of multifaceted nature as it identifies with your nursing practice. Blueprint: Introduction: Complex versatile framework is an assortment of individual operators with opportunity to act in manners that are not in every case absolutely unsurprising and whose activities are interconnected so one agent’s activities changes the setting for different specialists. (GPlsek, P. E. and Greenhalgh, T. 2001) Characteristics of complex versatile frameworks are: capricious interconnected, indistinct limits, steady evolving individuals, individuals likewise have a place with different frameworks, every part utilizes disguised guidelines (these can, and likely are, distinctive for e very individual and are not fixed). Complex framework can impact social insurance since they can make positive or negative results, they impact different frameworks and make pressure and conundrum that might be hard to unravel Body: Because the complex versatile framework is continually changing, and interconnected with different frameworks so it will make numerous trouble in illuminating the problems.In clinical settings, understudy medical attendants need to think basically and adopt various strategy so as to intercede or take care of the issues. Give models from clinical settings Conclusion: Restate the significances of complex versatile framework and how it can impact clinical settings just as human services Health care is an unpredictable framework. There’re assortments of various callings in social insurance from medical attendants to specialists, authority, paramedics†¦ and even the idea of wellbeing itself is mind boggling as there’re numerous determinants that can impact one’s health.Moreover, human services coordinates the meaning of a complex versatile framework, which is an assortment of individual operators with opportunity to act in manners that are not in every case absolutely unsurprising and whose activities are interconnected so one agent’s activities changes the setting for different specialists. (GPlsek, P. E. and Greenhalgh, T. , 2001). The attributes of the complex versatile framework are that it is capricious nterconnected, have indistinct limits, consistent evolving individuals, individuals likewise have a place with different frameworks, every part utilizes disguised principles (these can, and likely are, diverse for every individual and are not fixed). Thusly, so as to work adequately in such complex framework, medical attendants are required to have the capability to adjust to the system’s qualities and use their best aptitudes and information to unravel complex cases in entangled circumstances . The complex versatile framework is eccentric, interconnected and for the most part have muddled boundaries.For model, at my clinical setting, which is a French inundation grade school, is a case of a complex versatile framework. The school itself is a mind boggling framework in light of the fact that the understudies in the school isn't just involved English speakers, yet additionally the French speakers populaces, and the educators has to know both language so as to convey, to show the understudies successfully. Understudies likewise originate from various foundations, they have various ethnicities and diverse personalities.However, the school’s witticism is â€Å"Better Together† which advances the interconnectivity as they needs to cooperate to accomplish the school objectives. The interconnectivity trademark is likewise exhibited in an undesirable mishap occurred at the school. Evaluation 3 understudies there truly prefer to play soccer, in any case, at some poin t, there was a clench hand battle broke out between two understudies during a soccer match during break, subsequently, so as to guarantee security and that no contentions would happen later on in view of soccer, soccer is restricted at the school.The prohibiting of soccer at break clarified to us as nursing understudies and the school staff that we have to address and improve the critical thinking aptitudes for the evaluation 3 understudies so as to forestall comparable undesired event to occur later on. Now, the limits in the school isn't plainly drawn as encourage the Health class isn't nursing students’ obligation, yet the school communicated their need to us and needs us to do a few mediations about it.Therefore, we concocted to converse with the evaluation 3 educators and request consent to instruct the wellbeing class on days that we are at the locales to execute our intercession and address the critical thinking issues among understudies. In Health class, we chose to c arry on productions of clashing circumstances and have the understudies to think of their thoughts utilizing suitable critical thinking aptitudes to determine the contentions. By doing that, we †nursing understudies are not just interpretation of the job of the understudy medical caretakers, we are additionally the wellbeing class educator on Tuesday to the evaluation 3 students.This model shows that the setting of the complex versatile framework (primary school) truly impacts our nursing practice as we assume the job of Health class teachers to upgrade grade 3 understudy peace promotion abilities. We exemplifie The above investigation shows that the complex versatile framework and its special attributes has firmly impact nursing practice in various setting. As an able medical attendant, we must have the basic reasoning aptitudes, being inventive and adjusting to any circumstance so as to concoct the most ideal mediations.

Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Individual Statement Essay In rerouting my life for a superior future, I have decided to seek after software engineering. After going to Houston Community College (HCC), I tried out designing science. In any case, I have chosen to truly take software engineering in the lofty school of University of California (UC). My longing to switch course and school has been affected by the way that I find less fulfillment with the current course I am taking. Until, I understood that software engineering is my expert call and UC will be the best school that will completely instruct me and will build up my aptitudes and capacities to its greatest potential. My goal and enthusiasm to take software engineering is brought by the way that today’s period is set apart by PC and innovation. The mechanical advancement is relentless and extraordinary. Through which, the interest for PC researchers has likewise increased. Moreover, my enthusiasm for software engineering is shaped by my inborn enthusiasm for math and science. Indeed, even as a child, I had been exceeding expectations in math. I accept that my ability in adoring and effectively getting a handle on the complexities of math is a God’s given capacity that will inevitably lead me to the existence I had consistently needed. All things considered, I need to mix my ability with the interest in the general public in the field of software engineering. Moreover, I have thought about that having a profession in mechanically advanced field would viably make me a superior individual and a supporter of the general public. As a standard individual, I additionally wished to be of help to others, particularly to the destitute. In this time, I have seen numerous who are as yet endeavoring to embrace the way of life and to learn PC. For certain understudies and other jobless, they discover their blamelessness and numbness to innovation as a difficulty that ruins them to transform themselves to improve things. Among the jobless, they have conceded having been denied work because of their deficient information in PCs. As a productive member of society, I need to help in limiting this basic issue in the general public. This could likewise be my opportunity to help in offering want to the individuals who are disheartened due to their obliviousness in innovation. Consequently, I have settled on a firm choice to seek after software engineering. Curiously, the congregation has been one of the significant impacts throughout my life and to my choices. In chapel, helping others is constantly emphasized. Indeed, even to a common individual, it is normal to stretch out assistance to other people. At chapel, I had been a functioning individual from the band as an artist and now and then playing the drums. During administrations, our band drives the tune. Through my enrollment in chapel exercises, my confidence and socialization abilities have been improved. Fundamentally, driving the entire church to sing and keeping up the force of acclaim isn't a simple errand. Starting to lead the pack in singing is significant so as to give the desire for the congregation goers and attempt to convince them to sing in ensemble. Beside that, it is additionally significant that the message of the tune is being conveyed well and comprehended by the participants. In doing as such, it is vital that the melodies that are being played relate to the temperament of the individuals. Notwithstanding my participation in a band, the congregation to where I am partnered additionally presented us to noble cause works and chipping in exercises. A portion of the exercises incorporate tutoring youngsters about qualities and strict lessons. We additionally started programs for the oppressed by setting off to their places and give nourishments and garments. My encounters and participation in a gathering extraordinarily improved my recognition about companionship and trust. Fundamentally, my association in network administrations has supported my thought on elegance and consideration. As a musician, I got the opportunity of meeting genuine companions I can really trust for each straightforward mystery shared. In doing network administration, I felt the fulfillment that any material things can ever offer to me. Having seen a grin among the kids cheerful in accepting our guides carried bliss to my heart. From that point, I conceded to boost my ability in helping others. I additionally understood that it is through expanding budgetary and enthusiastic assistance and in the long run improving other’s life is a path by which I can genuinely say to myself that I am a benefit of the general public. For these respectable reasons, I chose to seek after software engineering. As a person, minor encounters and impression of things to come isn't sufficient inspiration or factor in accomplishing objectives. Qualities and characters are likewise significant for it encourages one in settling on his choices and on what he looks like at things. Throughout everyday life, there are a lot of battles that everybody needs to meet. These battles may include issues and enticements. With respect to me, I have a lot of battles that have continued pulling me down from satisfying my fantasies. The assorted variety factor is one thing that normally debilitates my confidence. Beside that, I am likewise living ceaselessly from my family which causes me to feel alone frequently. In any case, I need to beat these afflictions so as to accomplish my fantasies. In having this sort of reasoning, being hopeful has helped me a ton. Since youth, I generally saw things in the positive light. I make an effort not to be debilitated by any failure that may come in my life. My fights with assorted variety have been won through positive thinking and fearlessness. Besides, in enduring the preliminaries throughout everyday life and in guaranteeing accomplishment later on, I accept that it is indispensable to be completely forthright, steady, and decided in everything that I need to do. Prior to coming here in United States and since adolescence, my folks have emphasized the significance of these qualities throughout everyday life. As I developed old, I understood that my folks are correct. At this phase of my life, I should be industrious and decided with the goal that I will have the option to satisfy my motivation throughout everyday life.

Social Work Approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Work Approaches - Essay Example Essentially, this kind of treatment focuses on how the individual thinks and carries on at present instead of in the patient’s youth encounters that could have achieved the normal conduct. The methodology involves week after week treatment meetings that is combined with day by day practice practices intended to assist patients with applying the subjective conduct treatment aptitudes which they have learned into their very own settings or condition. Treatment is short and doesn't last longer than about four months or 4 months (University of Michigan depression Center, 2006). Subjective conduct treatment utilizes three (3) basic highlights, which are (University of Michigan Depression Center, 2006): 1) Cognitive rebuilding, 2) social enactment, and 3) improving critical thinking abilities. Intellectual rebuilding centers around the ID of the maladaptive or incorrect musings that causes the patient to feel discouraged. For the most part, the downturn is about themselves, their condition and their future. Maladaptive musings about themselves incorporate sentiments of being useless or idiotic in light of the fact that they can't land positions or on the grounds that they submit botches †which as a general rule are viewed as trivial or little issues. Regarding this, they will in general lose intrigue and cut back on their standard exercises, which a customary furthermore, typical individual get joy from as a major aspect of their every day presence. Subsequently, the individual concern invests increasingly inactive energy to concentrate on mutilated musings that would in the long run clear path for negative feelings. According to the prior, home settings and the earth when all is said in done causes an individual to feel discouraged on the grounds that the individual in question sees being a social outsider. This is the reason social connections with the family and with the network become lacking and restricted. This makes the individual pulled back and angry because of an inappropriate idea that no one prefers the person in question. As a result, run of the mill home life is disturbed in light of the fact that the

Diversity in the Hult community

Written by Cindy Olivera, Hult Global Ambassador and Masters in International Business student Class of 2018. I cant believe that its been almost three months since I left my home country of Peru. Before moving to the United Kingdom, I wondered how different it would be to live and study in one of the most multicultural countries in the world. What would my future classmates be like? Could I adapt to a new country and culture easily? I havent been at Hult very long, and these questions have already been answered. Getting to know each other Before moving to London I was already talking to some of my future classmates on Whatsapp. When I arrived in London I met my first 3 classmates who came from a variety of countries. We had an opportunity to talk and get to know each other over dinner and drinks. Later, I would discover that lots of my free time after class or at weekends would be spent chatting for hours in the local bar. This pastime is new to me, but its one that Ive grown to like! We are equipped with skills that help us prepare for the international job market. A global environment As the days and weeks have passed, Ive met people from all over the world. Im so grateful for Hult giving me the most international experience. Currently, I am working with two different sets of people in teams for projects and we are such a diverse group not only because of the countries we come from (Germany, Austria, India, Italy, Netherland, Venezuela, and Portugal), but also because of our background and experiences. Not to mention our differences in personalities and work style. One of the advantages of studying in an international school is that we are equipped with skills that help us prepare for the international job market. By working in multicultural teams, facing and solving different problems and receiving feedback, we experience an environment that is similar to that of a global company. Hult also organizes events celebrating our multicultural community. Just a month ago we had an event which celebrated a festival called Diwali a Hindu festival that celebrates the victory of light over darkness. We had so much fun that day as everyone danced, ate delicious Indian food, and dressed in traditional Indian clothing. A great and memorable experience! Every new experience and challenge has become a part of the person and professional that I am developing into. Apart from taking part in the global celebration events, you can also be a part of numerous clubs and societies if you wish. For example, the Hult Latino Dance Club, which I am a part of, goes to a Salsa club every Thursday where we get to learn how to dance salsa with professionals. I was surprised to see how many non-Latino friends were interested in learning to dance salsa its great fun and a good way to meet people. Just to give you an idea of how multicultural our club is, we have Hult students from the following countries: Lebanon, France, Germany, USA, Dominican Republic, Spain, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, India, and many more. Weve had so much fun together, and I am thankful for all of the experiences and memories weve created together so far. Choosing an international school was the best decision I could have made. Every new experience and challenge has become a part of the person and professional that I am becoming. Because Hult is known and ranked highly for internationality, it attracts a similar type of person those who are willing to meet new people, to exchange ideas, to support each other, and be your friend. And the best part? This is just the beginning of the journey†¦. If you would like to find out more about our Masters program,  download a brochure here Cindy Oliveira is from Peru currently completing a Masters of International Business at the Hult London campus. Prior to Hult, Cindy has worked in the Logistics and Supply chain industry. She is passionate about running and education, and hopes to pursue a career in the United Nations or NGO sector. Hult offers a range of highly skills-focused and employability-driven business school programs including a range of MBA options and a comprehensive one year Masters in International Business. To find out more, take a look at our blog 5 big reasons why to apply early for your MBA or Masters. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

How to Format and Write a Simple Business Letter

People write business letters and emails for a variety of reasons such as requesting information, to conduct transactions, to secure employment, and so on. Effective business correspondence should be clear and concise, respectful in tone, and formatted properly. By breaking down a business letter into its basic components, you can learn how to communicate effectively and improve your skills as a writer. The Basics A typical business letter contains three sections, an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.   The Introduction:  The introduction indicates who the writer is addressing. If youre writing to someone you dont know or have met only briefly, the introduction may also a brief reason of why youre writing. Typically, the introduction is only a sentence or two in length.The Body: The letters body is where you state your business. This section may be as short as a few sentences or several paragraphs in length. It all depends on the degree of detail necessary to describe the subject at hand.The Conclusion: The conclusion is the final section where youll  call for future action. This can be a chance to talk in person, to request additional information, or to conduct a transaction. Like the introduction, this section should be no more than a sentence or two and must make clear what you would like from the person reading your letter. The Introduction The tone of the introduction depends on your relationship to the letter recipient. If youre addressing a close friend or a business colleague, using their first name is acceptable. But if youre writing to someone you do not know, its best to address them formally in the greeting. If you do not know the name of the person youre writing to, use their title or a general form of address. Some examples: Dear personnel directorDear sir or madamDear Dr., Mr., Mrs., Ms. (Last name)Dear Frank (use this if the person is a close business contact or friend) Writing to a specific person is always preferred. Generally speaking, use Mr. when addressing men and Ms. for women in the greeting. Only use the title of Doctor for those in the medical profession. While you should always begin a business letter with the word Dear, doing so is an option for business emails, which are less formal. If youre writing to someone you dont know or have met only in passing, you may want to follow the greeting by providing some context for why youre contacting that person. Some examples: With reference to your advertisement in the Times...Im am following up on our phone call yesterday.Thank you for your letter of March 5. The Body The majority of a business letter is contained in the body. This is where the writer states his or her reason for corresponding. For example:   I am writing to inquire about the position posted in The Daily Mail.I am writing to confirm the shipment details on order # 2346.I am writing to apologize for the difficulties you experienced last week at our branch. Once you have stated the general reason for writing your business letter, use the body to provide additional details. For example, you may be sending a client important documents to sign, apologizing to a customer for poor service, requesting information from a source, or some other reason. Whatever the reason, remember to use language that is courteous and polite. For instance: I would be grateful to meet with you next week.Would you possibly have time for a meeting next week?I would be delighted to give you a tour of our facility this coming month.Unfortunately, we will have to postpone the meeting until June 1.Enclosed you will find a copy of the contract. Please sign where indicated. It is customary to include some closing remarks after youve stated your business in the body of the letter. This is your opportunity to reinforce your relationship with the recipient, and it should just be a sentence. Please contact us again if we can help in any way.If you have any questions, feel free to call me.You can also use the closing to request or offer future contact with the reader.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Please contact my assistant to schedule an appointment. The Finish The final thing all business letters need is a salutation, where you say your goodbyes to the reader. As with the introduction, how you write the salutation will depend on your relationship to the recipient. For clients that youre not on a first-name basis with, use: Yours faithfully (if you dont know the name of the person youre writing to)Yours sincerely, (if you do know the name of the person youre writing to. If you are on a first-name basis, use: Best wishes, (if youre acquaintances)Best regards or Regards (if the person is a close friend or contact) Sample Business Letter Kens Cheese House34 Chatley AvenueSeattle, WA 98765October 23, 2017Fred FlintstoneSales ManagerCheese Specialists Inc.456 Rubble RoadRockville, IL 78777Dear Mr. Flintstone,With reference to our telephone conversation today, I am writing to confirm your order for: 120 x Cheddar Deluxe Ref. No. 856.The order will be shipped within three days via UPS and should arrive at your store in about 10 days.Please contact us again if we can help in any way.Yours sincerely,Kenneth BeareDirector of Kens Cheese House

An Overview of the Argentine Financial Crisis Essay

The financial crisis in Argentina during the late 1990s and early 2000s resulted in severe issues with foreign debt, inflation, unemployment, and political turmoil for the country. Argentina not only suffered a currency crisis, but also suffered a political crisis. Fallout from the economic collapse was so severe the Argentinean population resorted to civil unrest and protest, which in turn exacerbated Argentina’s problems at the turn of the century. While other issues related to this financial crisis such as the impact on the lives of the Argentinean population or the political turmoil and corruption are certainly worthy of discussion, this paper will focus on the currency crisis and the Argentinean government’s role in this economic†¦show more content†¦In an effort to move Argentina from an internationally isolated and state-dominated economy to one that encouraged international trade and foreign investments, Carlos Menem, in the early 1990s, initiated a wave of privatization, which included state-owned industries such as utilities (Feldstein, 2002). Following the examples of Chile and the emerging economies of Southeast Asian nations, Menem hoped this liberalization would foster growth in productivity and economic growth. On April 1, 1991, Argentina’s Congress, with Domingo Cavallo as Minister of Economy, enacted the Convertibility Law (or Ley de Convertibilidad) legally adopting the currency board (Hornbeck, 2002). This legislation essentially pegged the Argentinean peso to the U.S. dollar. The government guaranteed the convertibility of the peso to U.S. dollar at a one-to-one exchange rate, limiting the printing of pesos to only those necessary to purchase dollars in the foreign exchange market. Thus, the central bank was required by law to hold foreign reserves to cover its peso liabilities (Hanke and Schuler, 2002). With this fixed exchange rate, the Argentinean government was hoping to preserve the value of their currency and stabilize inflation. The peg was initially successful, as it cured hyperinflation that occurred at the end of the 1980s and provided price stability needed for economic growth in the early 1990s. 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Moral and Social Responsibility in Supply Chains

Question: Discuss about the Moral and Social Responsibility in Supply Chains. Answer: Introduction: Every business comprises of human resources. Human resources refer to the employees, workers and other organizational people needed for business. It has been said that human resources are the most important and valuable asset of a company as the success of a business depends on them. Employee Engagement refers to the enthusiasm and dedication of the employees towards the business works. It means how much the employees are passionate about their jobs and how much they are committed to their jobs. This study is about the analysis of employee engagement regarding various aspects of the business. The primary aim of this essay is to discuss the factors which contribute towards the employee engagement and also to identify the reasons behind the decreased level of employee engagement throughout the world. Moreover, the strategies adopted by the human resource managers to overcome employee engagement issues have been discussed. Lastly, a conclusion has been drawn based on the entire essay. The definition of employee engagement can be given in various manners. The term Employee Engagement is not a small pair of words, but these words have a lot of inner meaning. The definition of Employee Engagement can be given relating to several topics. The definitions are given below: In general, Employee Engagement can be described as the relationship between the employees with their organizations. Employee engagement can be understood as the absorption of the employees with their organizations i.e. employees should be absorbed with the ambiance, culture, rules and regulations of the company. The employees will be enthusiastic enough to work with the organization if they are successfully absorbed with the above factors of the organization. Employee engagement increases the dedication and commitment level of the employees towards their organization. A fully engaged employee gives his/her best to the organization each and every day. Employee engagement consists of three parts; they are Motivation, Satisfaction and Effectiveness. There is a difference exists between employee engagement and employee satisfaction. It can be said that a satisfied employee is not an engaged employee. There are reasons behind this say. A satisfied employee can be happy with his/her limited work and limited pay. However, their satisfaction does not help the organization to increase the productivity. On the other hand an engaged employee is someone who always wants to do more for the organization and this process helps to develop his/her career as well as increase the productivity of the company. Hence, it can be said that a satisfied employee can be an engaged employee but not always. Employee engagement and employee motivation are always interrelated. A motivated employee is the one who is an engaged employee. Motivation forces a person to do his/her job sincerely and one who does his/her job sincerely is the happiest person irrespective of the result of the work. Thus, employers need to motivate the employees so that they can be fully engaged with their job. On the other hand, employee engagement can also be defined by effectiveness. Effectiveness refers to the impact of the work done by the employees of the organization. An engaged employee is always dedicated and committed toward the organizational goals and this process leads to maximum employee engagement. There are certain factors in the organization which contributes to reduce the level of employee engagement. These factors are discussed below: The first factor is that the employees dont know the goals, mission, vision, strategies of the organization. The employees should know all these above mentioned aspects of the organization or they will not be excited about their jobs. Knowing all these things will give them the motivation to do the work effectively. The second factor is that the employees should know how their little contribution will help to gain the big goal of the company. Most of the employees do not know how their contribution helps to achieve the goals and this factor leads to the employee disengagement. The third factor is the disability of the managers to create an environment of dedication, commitment and passion. It is the fault of the managers to misread the human nature of the workforce. As a result, they fail to motivate the employees to do the work. This process results to employee disengagement. The fourth factor is that the employees dont get the desired appreciation. The employees need to be appreciated for their good job. If the employees dont get the desired application and are always treated badly for their poor job, they will become disengaged from their part of the job. The fifth factor is the lack of correction from the management end. It is obvious to have poor performance by the employees and there will be bad behavior from the employees. These incidents need to be corrected at an utmost priority. If these matters are spared by the managers even after taken them into their notice, the ethic will be lost from the employees. This process will lead to employee disengagement. The sixth factor is the lack of training. In the absence of a sufficient training system the newly recruited employees could face difficulties while performing their job. Moreover this could also instill a sense of frustration and lead to unengaged employees. The seventh and one of the most important factors is a lack of motivation. Motivation is a factor which drives a work force to work effectively. It is the responsibility of the human resource managers to create a motivated atmosphere. Due to lack of motivation, the employees lose the enthusiasm to work better and that leads to employee dissatisfaction. From the above discussion, it is clear that there should be some effective strategies to address the above-discussed employee disengagement issues. By implementing those strategies, the employees become more sincere and attentive to their jobs. Some of the strategies taken by human resource managers are discussed below: The employees should know about the goals, mission and vision of the companies. The human resource manger should clearly communicate about these strategies to the employees. These strategies will work as guiding principles to the employees. On the other hand, the employees will feel themselves as the greater part of the organization. The human resource manager should be a good leader. He should be able to create an atmosphere of trust, inspiration, high morale, values at the workplace. All these aspects together work as a motivational tool to the employees of the companies. There should be mutual respect in the workforce. The manager should create some core ethical values that will drive the employees to the success. The employees should be allowed to take participation in the managerial decision making process. Though it is the top level manager's work to make the decisions for the company, they should invite the views of the employees on critical matters. This process will make the employees feel important for the organization. On the other hand, this process will engage the employees in the workforce better than before. Appreciation, rewarding and recognition are some of the best ways to keep the employees engaged in the work. The employees must be appreciated and awarded for the good work they do. An award in front of everyone or a round of applause works like a wonder for the employees. On the other hand, there should be enough scope for their career development. Career oriented people are the most engaged employees. The employees should be accountable for the jobs they do i.e. the responsibility of the work must be on them. The responsibility will make the employees responsible towards their job; they will be accountable for the work. Sincere employees like to take responsibility. This responsibility will make them aware of flaws in the work and the will be totally engaged in the jobs. The companies must have policies which ensure the well-being of the employees. There should be policies regarding the health of the employees, pension schemes, provident fund schemes and other that will be the beneficiary of the employees. These factors work as motivation to the employees. From the above essay, it can be said that employees are the most valuable assets to a company as the success of the organization totally depends on them. Thus, it is desired that the employees give their hundred percent to the company. This process is called Employee Engagement. Employees should be totally dedicated and committed to the organizational works. However there are some factors which affect the employee engagement process and make them disengage from their works. The factors can be either from the management end or can be from the employee end. These issues are serious issues which need to be addressed by the human resource managers. It has been seen that the presence of effective human resource strategies addresses the issues properly and help the employees become fully engaged with the organization and the organizational works. Hence, it can be concluded that by adopting proper strategies, the employee engagement issues can be solved. Bibliography Baron, Robert A., Hao Zhao, and Qing Miao. 'Personal Motives, Moral Disengagement, and Unethical Decisions by Entrepreneurs: Cognitive Mechanisms on the Slippery Slope',Journal of Business Ethics,vol. 128/no. 1, (2015), pp. 107-118. Bhuvanaiah, Tejaswi, and R. P. Raya. 'Employee Engagement: Key to Organizational Success',SCMS Journal of Indian Management,vol. 11/no. 4, (2014), pp. 61. Cartledge, Stefan Michael, Lorraine Bowman-Grieve, and Marek Palasinski. 'The Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement in George W. Bush's "War on Terror" Rhetoric',The Qualitative Report,vol. 20/no. 11, (2015), pp. 1905. Davis, Paul J. 'Implementing an Employee Career-Development Strategy',Human Resource Management International Digest,vol. 23/no. 4, (2015), pp. 28-32. Eriksson, David, and Gran Svensson. 'The Process of Responsibility, Decoupling Point, and Disengagement of Moral and Social Responsibility in Supply Chains: Empirical Findings and Prescriptive Thoughts',Journal of Business Ethics,vol. 134/no. 2, (2016;2014;), pp. 281-298. Fida, Roberta, Marinella Paciello, Carlo Tramontano, et al. 'An Integrative Approach to Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Roles of Stressors, Negative Emotions, and Moral Disengagement',Journal of Business Ethics,vol. 130/no. 1, (2015;2014;), pp. 131-144. Greatwood, Mike. 'How to Counter the Growing Disengagement with Engagement Programs: Use "Dream Management"',Development and Learning in Organizations,vol. 30/no. 2, (2016), pp. 15. Gupta, Manish, and Yln Kumar. 'Justice and Employee Engagement',Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration,vol. 7/no. 1, (2015), pp. 89-103. Lavigna, Bob. 'Commentary: Public Service Motivation and Employee Engagement: 1',Public Administration Review,vol. 75/no. 5, (2015), pp. 732. Montero-Marin, Jesus, Javier Prado-Abril, Marcelo Marcos Piva Demarzo, et al. 'Coping with Stress and Types of Burnout: Explanatory Power of Different Coping Strategies',PloS One,vol. 9/no. 2, (2014), pp. e89090. Nimon, Kim, Brad Shuck, and Drea Zigarmi. 'Construct Overlap between Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction: A Function of Semantic Equivalence?',Journal of Happiness Studies,vol. 17/no. 3, (2016;2015;), pp. 1149-1171. Wilson, Trevor. 'Addressing Rampant Employee Disengagement: Focus on Individuals' Unique Assets',Public Management,vol. 96/no. 1, (2014), pp. 30.

Truism About Human Nature Essay Example

Truism About Human Nature Essay Their vulnerabilities can be divided into 2. * Physical vulnerabilities * Personal vulnerabilities Physical vulnerabilities: Physical needs can be frustrated by physical privations or traumas leading to acute distress experiences such as hunger, thirst, cold, fatigue, the pain of disease or accident or attack, sexual tension. In the animal realm there appear to be something like emotional distress experiences involved with some, at any rate, of the physical ones. Thus there is anger vented in defensive or offensive aggression when the issues concern mating, territory or food. There is fear leading to immobility or flight when under attack, as an alternative to counter-aggression. There is grief in some species exhibited in wailing and mourning when there is separation from parent or offspring or mate. Human beings, it is reasonable to suppose, function in similar ways, with emotional distresses of anger, fear and grief and their behaviors, tied in with physical frustrations. In animals of the same species, anger with its associated aggressive threat or fight behavior appears to have adaptive functions: it leads to social cohesion and leadership by maintaining dominance hierarchies; it makes for an effective use of available territory (and food) by separating groups out over it; it benefits progeny by selecting out the best parents; it protects the young. Nor, in natural habitats, is it necessarily highly destructive: the norm is often threat behavior or token fights rather than serious wounding and killing, although the latter does occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Truism About Human Nature specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Truism About Human Nature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Truism About Human Nature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Intra-specific aggression among animals seems more harnessed to the preservation of life than to its destruction. Among monkeys and apes, intra-specific aggression is stronger in baboons, weaker in gorillas and chimpanzees, but in the wild it is almost entirely reduced to threat displays with very little overt fighting. In unusual environmental circumstances however, as in captivity where there may be crowding and/or sudden disturbances, unfamiliar irritations, then all these species can be violently aggressive to their own kind. We do not know the sort of aggression that occurred among early hominids, but it does seem reasonable to suppose that the human organism, physically comparable as it is to the primates, has tendencies toward the adaptive aggression shown among primates and, when under physical duress such as overcrowding, to the more violently destructive aggression also exhibited under such conditions by primates. Personal Vulnerabilities: But the organism is not only the locus of physical needs, it is also the medium for the fulfilment of what I have called personal needs rooted in capacities for love, understanding and choice, where these capacities have a potential reach far beyond the confines of physical survival needs. Thus any interference with physical needs, any threat to the integrity of the organism, is at the same time some kind of interference with or threat to the fulfilment of personal needs. Why, for example, do human infants and children have a grief-like crying and sobbing response to minor physical hurts? Is it because the physical pain and shock is also experienced as an immediate interruption of their need to love and be loved? Thus to understand fully human response to physical privations and trauma, we must take into account, I suggest, not only the fear, anger and grief tied in with organismic frustration but also a different order of fear, anger and grief that is tied in with the frustration of personal needs as defined. The reverse may also be the case: frustration at the purely human level may of itself lead to distress at the physical level fatigue, insomnia, pain, wasting. ) Interrupt and restrict a child physically, then the simple angry fight response of the impeded organism can be enormously fuelled by the angry, righteous indignation of a being whose need to be self-directing in her exploration of the world has been suspended. There is often this double loading of distress to take into account. But the two sorts of frustration can be relatively independent of each other. Thus the human adult at any rate can experience minor physical frustrations without distress at the level of personal needs; and conversely can have all physical needs fully satisfied while undergoing major frustrations of personal needs. Primary sources of personal vulnerability By primary sources I mean sources that are intrinsic to the human condition prior to human invention and intention. They are the inherent stresses of human existence, of the given system of persons in the world, stresses which can frustrate basic personal needs. 1. Tensions between physical needs or survival and personal needs for self-realisation and cultural achievement. This is the great tension between life and mind, between the biocentric nature of the organism and the mental aspiration of the person, accentuated by a physical environment that can demand persistent, repetitive, arduous address to survival tasks. The relentless meeting of physical needs can significantly frustrate the meeting of personal needs for shared loving, for knowledge, for varied cultural achievement through lack of time, energy, resources, opportunity. Distress may thus accumulate at the personal level, without time or knowledge to resolve it. 1. If, as well as these effects of the persistent demands of survival, there is added actual frustration of physical needs as a result of drought or pests or disease or any other natural cause, then we have the crucial area of double distress: the distress of physical frustration compounds the already cumulative distress of personal frustration. 2. The biocentric nature of the organism may set up another kind of stress at the mental level. Physical needs may spontaneously distort the untutored human imagination into phantasies of disproportionate physical fulfilment, especially when these needs are subjected to the stress of frustration. There can thus be a stress-induced artificial inflation of physical satisfactions that can of itself subvert a real fulfilment of the person: mental capacities are frustrated by being harnessed to the irrelevant pursuit of redundant bodily gratification. 3. The postulated stress here is that of psychological gravity: the untutored capacities of the person are drawn into the orbit of physical needs, falsely illuminating and enlarging them, to the distortion of both. 2. Tension between love needs and the universal phenomenon of separation. Birth is a separation; death is a separation; disease, injury, congenital defect may involve separation; shorter or longer partings between those who love seem, to be inescapable components of living, working and surviving. Birth may be profoundly traumatic. 3. Tension between understanding needs and the relative inscrutability of phenomena. The world has not yielded up its intelligibility lightly: knowledge has been laboriously won. The unknown surrounds humans on every side. The human psyche is even more inscrutable than the phenomenal world. Humans want to understand, but the veil is drawn thickly around them and within them. 4. Tension between self-direction needs and the resistant, refractory, elemental nature of the physical. There is a great gap between aspiration and action, between the chosen possibility and its realisation in the world. Bodily skills have to be acquired, tools made, tough material worked. The world abounds with great frustrators of human effort, of the determination to take charge: fire, flood, deluge, drought, earthquake, avalanche, volcano, pests, vermin, animal marauders, disease, accident, deterioration, decay, and so on. 5. The inherent intrapsychic instability of, the internal tensions among, unprogrammed but potentially unlimited, human capacities, whose behavioural fulfillment is entirely acquired. This instability is accentuated by an environment which abounds with examples of destructive ruthlessness both in the animal kingdom and in the natural elements. A human may be frustrated and disoriented simply by the excess of options available. And in this state of internal disarray, destructive examples in nature may inspire inappropriate choices. Alternatively, situations may arise where human needs frustrate each other, so that love fulfilled or knowledge gained or autonomy achieved may be at the expense of one another. 6. Finally, of course, there is simply the presence of other members of the human race, all of whom are also subject to all the same sources of personal vulnerability, as well as the many sources of physical vulnerability. There is thus an inherent social instability in the given system of things: social transactions have to occur among beings who are immersed in a given world that can cause in them as individuals great personal stresses and frustrations on top of purely physical stresses and frustrations. Interacting with other beings who are personally and/or physically distressed is yet another source of frustration of personal needs. In one sense, all these interacting tensions can be seen as conditions of growth, the stresses that call human development into being. The human condition is inherently stressful, but in a human-affirmative or provocatively creative way. Up to a point, a tension or combination of interacting tensions, is a line of stress that provokes a growth-promoting and constructive burst of energy affective, cognitive, conative from the human being. Separation can intensify and clarify love; the inscrutability of the world provokes the mind into enquiry; the intractability of matter and its sudden cataclysms challenge achievement; the demands of survival arouse a technological and cultural development that transcends the purely iological; the inherent instability of human potential provokes self-knowledge and self-development; the inherent social instability that occurs in the given world is a spur to social creation, co-operation, collective achievement. The world provides a dramatic series of shocks and blocks that arouses the person slumbering in the organism, the society slumbering in nature. However the human condition a lso appears to be such that these tensions can interact and occur at a rate resulting in an accumulated overload of distress that can lead to compulsive, distorted, destructive behaviour. I have a phantasy caricature of a negative possibility for the life of early humans: they are beset by separation anxiety through high infant mortality, sudden death by natural disaster or animal attack, by disease or accident; they are beset by fears rooted in ignorance; by mounting frustration at the sheer implacability of the material world; they are internally confused by the inchoate aspirations of a multifarious, untutored and unknown potential; they are externally confused by association with other humans exhibiting the same range of tensions. And all these  personal  distresses compound a continuous series of  physical  dangers and distresses pain, hunger, cold, animal-like aggression (from animals and humans), and the fear and anger that go with them. Above all, because of the relentless need to pursue and maintain survival in a difficult environment, these compound distresses accumulate without respite without time to recover from them or knowledge to resolve them until a condition of overload is reached and behaviour breaks down into distorted and maladaptive forms  between people. The general thesis then is that the sources of physical vulnerability combined with the primary sources of personal vulnerability can have two different effects. Up to a certain level of intensity they provoke a truly human development: human capacities are exercised and fulfilled in meeting the challenge of physical existence. Beyond this level they overload the human system and behaviour starts to become distorted, especially behaviour between people. Distorted and perverted human behaviour is the secondary source of personal vulnerability. The level of intensity will fluctuate as a function of the changing patterns of interaction of very many variables. The critical threshold of overload will be idiosyncratic for each individual: a parent whose children all of die in infancy will be in a very different state of stress than one who loses none. But there may well be pervasive ecological factors that from time to time determine thresholds in a whole community. In general it seems reasonable to suppose that, given varied individual thresholds in a society, we shall find the typically human phenomenon of genuine cultural achievement interfused with distorted and perverted behavior some of which will be congealed in accepted social practices and institutions. The fact that the intrinsic stresses of the human condition are such that human behavior can break down into distorted and perverted forms is itself a kind of meta-challenge to transpersonal development, in my view. The first order challenge of the stresses is to personal and interpersonal development, but the continued vulnerability of  this  achievement is a second order challenge to cultivate the wider reaches of human awareness. In the theory and method of co-creating (Chapter 19,  Sacred Science,  Heron, 1998), I develop the radical view that cosmic self-forgetting, an ongoing contraction of spiritual awareness and attunement, is that which ultimately sustains all distorted human behaviors. Secondary sources of personal vulnerability Basic personal needs are frustrated by the interfering actions of other humans. The most obvious and most vulnerable victims are children. 1. Physical interference. Bodily harm or the threat of bodily harm; a difficult birth; sexual interference; deprivation of contact, food, water, heat, sleep, sex. This can lead to compound distress, as I have suggested: the emotional effects of physical frustration combined with the emotional effects of personal frustration. The emotional perturbation at the personal level when physical needs are frustrated will be much greater, I suggest, when other humans are the intentional frustrators than when non-human conditions are. Children who are physically harmed and deprived by their parents can clearly suffer, as well as the physical distress and its concomitants, a great interference with their needs both for love and for self-direction. 2. Psychological interference. That is, interference with personal needs as such. Love needs can be frustrated by parting, separation, loss that is the result of human decision and intervention; by censure, criticism, reproof, mockery, invalidation whether verbal or non-verbal; by psychological neglect, withdrawal, disregard, alienation, rejection. Needs for understanding can be frustrated in children by failure of adults to respond to enquiry, to give needed and relevant information, to communicate freely and appropriately, to provide an environment full of mental stimulation and arousal at critical periods of response, to facilitate imagination, phantasm and mythopoeia thinking, to provide equipment and opportunity for practical skills and learning how, to provide reading and writing skills. Needs for self-direction in children can be frustrated by adults nagging, by endlessly imposed prescriptions, commands, demands, precepts, minatory shoulds and oughts and musts and their negatives, by taking over and doing everything for, by failing to provide time and place for self-directed play, exploration, activity, interaction. There is probably no such thing as exclusive frustration of one basic personal need. Love frustrated is also in some way understanding and self-direction distorted (and similarly with each of the latter two): the unloved child may in later life exercise her intellect in strange ways and compulsively reject others in a way that severely restricts her ability to take charge of her life. 3. Social interference. The personal needs of a great number of people can be systematically interfered with in rigid organisations and societies in which there is political oppression, economic exploitation, denial of human rights. Personal needs here may be almost totally negated, or their fulfilment may only be tolerated up to a point and in certain restricted social areas, or the needs may be tolerated only in distorted and warped forms of development. But whatever distortions are imposed on the oppressed, complementary distortions are found in the oppressors. Social interference with personal needs can be looked at in three categories, the third including within it the second, and the second the first: * Face-to-face interference. The actual behaviour event where one or more persons interfere with the humanity of one or more persons. Organisational interference. A particular organisation the household, the school, the company, the department whose normative structure is oppressive in some or other respect to some degree. * Societal interference. Cultural oppression the oppressive features of the combined norms and values of a whole society, its political, economic, cultural, religious and domestic associ ations. Subcultural oppression would derive from the norms and values of a given social class, or ethnic group, or geographical community. Organisation and societal interference can be seen as the institutionalisation of distorted and perverted human behaviour. Oppressive interaction face-to-face generalises into oppressive normative structures. The distorted society is the artifact of distorted individuals and tends to be self-perpetuating until riven apart by the extremity of its own distortion. While an oppressive normative structure will be maintained by oppressive face-to-face interactions that occur within it, the mere existence of an oppressive normative structure can of itself be a source of oppression independent of any particular act within it. Thus once a person is sensitised to the structure, she will conform behaviour to it without there necessarily being any intervention from anyone else. Social interference with personal needs is not all of a piece. At the face-to-face level, these are some, at least, of the important distinctions to be made: * Interference that follows from distorted or perverted behaviour as these are defined in earlier sections. * Interference that follows from authentic good intention combined with ignorance. In the light of greater knowledge the interference would be seen to be both unnecessary and avoidable. The ignorance may have been avoidable or unavoidable: in the former case the good intention becomes somewhat tarnished. * Interference that follows from a rational, humane and well informed decision. The interference here may be regarded as necessary and unavoidable in the circumstances. There is unfortunately a blurred area between the first two of these and again between the last two. It may be unclear whether or not an ignorant good intention is but the masquerade of compulsive behaviour; or whether or not what appears to be a wise decision will be seen with the greater wisdom of hindsight to have been but ill-informed good intention. Tertiary sources of personal vulnerability A related and equally important distinction is that a social norm that has an interfering effect is not necessarily an obviously oppressive or unjust norm. In other words, I am postulating an area of unavoidable tension and conflict between personal needs and normative structures, however enlightened those structures may be. Persons can only be persons in relation. They can only realize their authentic personal needs in corporate systems of interdependence, in coherent and stable social structures, which by virtue of their nature tend to be conservative. At their best, such structures represent recently past levels of achievement in realizing human capacities. But if, as I postulate, such capacities are potentially unlimited in their range of fulfillment, then tension can arise between the degree of fulfillment evident in prevailing social practices and the innovative thrust of these capacities toward new levels of achievement. So that is one area of unavoidable tension: between the innovative individual and the social conserve, whatever the nature of the conserve. But apart from the drama of social change and innovation, there tends to be an unavoidable tension between individual needs and the corporate needs of the organization or collective within which the individual seeks fulfillment. The social realities of the human condition being what they are, I postulate that even in the most enlightened organizational development, tension and conflict will arise on the interface between individual need and corporate purpose. What makes an organization enlightened is that it has built-in procedures for acknowledging such conflict and working constructively with it. The child faces this tension in a particularly acute form, since the younger she is, the less readily she can grasp that the family collective has a purpose or purposes which may at times legitimately constrain the immediate fulfillment of her human needs. Frustration tolerance, skills in the constructive handling of tension and conflict, all appear to be necessary and legitimate concepts at the level of personal needs. When the capacity to love is fulfilled, it includes, paradoxically, just this ability to accept a measure of personal frustration, to work through conflict to the fulfillment of wider social purposes. These individual-in-society tensions I call tertiary sources of personal vulnerability because I believe they are intrinsic to social structures as such, however enlightened those structures may be, and only occur in their pure or intrinsic form in organizations that have started to clean themselves up, that have become relatively free of the more obvious distortions and perversions. I see such tensions as a creative issue when human beings start to climb out of their long history of individual and social breakdown, rather than as a contributory factor to such breakdown. The distresses to which these tensions may give rise will very much be self-generated by autonomous persons who will voluntarily undertake to undergo them as necessary part of personal growth and social change. This is the arena of voluntary, conscious, intentional suffering: the stress-seeking behavior of the self-actualizing person.

Report on Employee Benefits Essay Example

Report on Employee Benefits Essay Example Report on Employee Benefits Essay Report on Employee Benefits Essay Table of Contents Topic Page Number 1. Profile of AB Bank6 2. Organizational Objectives 9 3. Employee Objectives 9 4. Employee Benefit10 5. Categories of Employee Benefit in AB Bank10 6. Required or Mandatory Security10 7. Provident Fund11 8. Holiday Pay-11 i. Vacation11 ii. Leave of Absence11 9. Health and Insurance Benefits-12 i. Life Insurance and Auto Insurance12 10. Transport Facilities 13 11. Loan 13 12. Bonus 13 13. Recreation Facilities13 14. Neat and Clean Working Environment 13 15. Non-financial Benefits-13 i. Stock Benefits13 ii. ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan)14 iii. Educational Benefit14 iv. Cafeteria Plan14 16. Reasons of Providing so many Benefits14 17. Comments and Recommendation 15 Executive Summery This report is on the employee benefits of AB bank. Employee benefits  are various non-wage compensations provided to  employees  in addition totheirnormal  wages  or  salaries. AB Bank commits to nation to take a lead in the Banking sector through not only its strong financial position, but also through innovation of products and services. It also ensures creating higher value for its respected customers and shareholders. The bank has focused to bring services at the doorstep of its customers, and to bring millions into anking channels those who are outside the mainstream banking arena. This bank is serving their employees to fulfill the employee’s need. Young employees tend to favour benefits that can be frequent or immediate use such as vacation days, holydays, and flexible working hours. Older employees are usually security conscious, preferring lif e insurance and retirement related benefits. AB bank’s purpose of giving the benefits is to increase the economic security of employees. All the benefit is really convenient to retain its human resource and motivating. AB Bank Limited is committed to focus to all its energy not only on its customer as well as its employee. Profile of AB Bank AB Bank Limited, the first private sector bank was incorporated in Bangladesh on 31st December 1981 as Arab Bangladesh Bank Limited and started its operation with effect from April 12, 1982. AB Bank is known as one of leading bank of the country since its commencement 29 years ago. It continues to remain updated with the latest products and services, considering consumer and client perspectives. AB Bank has thus been able to keep their consumer’s and client’s trust while upholding their reliability, across time. During the last 29 years, AB Bank Limited has opened 82 Branches in different Business Centers of the country, one foreign Branch in Mumbai, India and also established a wholly owned Subsidiary Finance Company in Hong Kong in the name of AB International Finance Limited. To facilitate cross border trade and payment related services, the Bank has correspondent relationship with over 220 international banks of repute across 58 countries of the World. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In spite of adverse market conditions, AB Bank Limited which turned 28 this year, concluded the 2008 financial year with good results. The Bank’s consolidated profit after taxes amounted to Taka 230 cr which is 21% higher than that of 2007. The asset base of AB grew by 32% from 2007 to stand at over Tk 8,400 cr as at the end of 2008. The Bank showed strong growth in loans and deposits. Deposit of the Bank rose by Tk. 1518 cr ie. , 28. 45% while the diversified Loan Portfolio grew by over 30% during the year and recorded a Tk 1579 cr increase. Foreign Trade Business handled was Tk 9,898 cr indicating a growth of over 40% in 2008. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The Bank maintained its sound credit rating in 2008 to that of the previous year. The Credit Rating Agency of Bangladesh Limited (CRAB) awarded the Bank an A1 rating in the long term and ST-2 rating in the short Term. Innovative products and services were introduced in the field of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) credit, Women’s Entrepreneur, Consumer Loans, Debit and Credit Cards (Local International), ATMs, Internet and SMS Banking, Remittance Services, Treasury Products and Services, Structured Finance for Corporate, strengthening and expanding its Islamic Banking activities, Investment Banking, specialized products and services for NRBs, Priority Banking, and Customer Care. The Bank has successfully completed its automation project in mid 2008. It envisages enabling customers to get banking services within the comfort of their homes and offices. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. AB Bank has continuously invests into its biggest asset, the human resource to drive forward with its mission â€Å"to be the best performing bank in the country. † AB is recognized as the people’s choice, catering to the satisfaction of its cliental. Their satisfaction is AB’s success. Vision Statement To be the trendsetter for innovative banking with excellence perfection Mission Statement To be the best performing bank in the country Organizational Objectives Time-off benefits such as vacations, holidays, and rest breaks help employees reduce fatigue, enhancing productivity during the hours when the employees do work. Similarly, retirement, health care, and disability benefits may allow workers to be more productive by freeing then of concern about medical and retirement costs. If there benefits were not available, employees might elect to form a union and collectively bargain with the employer. Although collective action is legal, employers such as Intel prefer to remain nonunion). * Reduce Fatigue * Discourage Labor Unrest * Satisfy Employee Objectives * Aid Recruitment * Reduce Turnover * Minimize Overtime Costs Employee Objectives The real advantages to employees of employer provided benefits are lower costs and availability. For example, insurance benefits are usually less expensive because the employer may pay some or all of the costs, as Intel does. Group plans save the cost of administering and selling many individual policies. The insurer also can reduce the risk of adverse selection, which occurs when individuals sign up for insurance because they are heavy users. Actuaries- the specialists who compute insurance rates- can pass on these savings in the form of smaller premiums even if workers say the entire premium. Employee Benefit Today’s workers expect more than just an hourly wage or a salary from the employer. They want additional considerations that will enrich their lives. These considerations in an employment setting are called employee benefits. Employee benefits have grown in importance and verity over the past several decades. To get more from workers AB bank tries to give their best benefits to their works. The irony, however, is that while benefits must be offered to attract and retain good workers, benefits as a whole do not directly affect a worker’s performance. Benefits are generally membership based, offered to employees regardless of their performance levels. Categories of Employee Benefits In AB Bank Today’s organizations must satisfy the diverse benefit needs of their employees. They adjust benefit programs to reflect a different focus to chieve the goal of â€Å"something of value† for each worker. Banks operating in Bangladesh must provide certain benefits to their employees of whether they want to or not, they must be provided in a nondiscriminatory manner. AB bank is also giving some extra employee benefits with mandatory employee benefits in order to retain employees. Categories of emplo yee benefit in AB bank- Required or Mandatory Security Government requires that employers provide a certain limit of protection or a security floor for each employee. There are three primary area of compulsory security. Workers Compensation- AB bank is offering employee insurance that provides income continuation if a worker is injured on the job. It may cost more to subscribe to health coverage, the cost is still minimal compared with the costs of a disastrous illness. Provident Fund Over 90 percent of full time workers at companies with more than 100 employees are covered by retirement plans, according to the employee benefits Research Institute. Pension plan are considered rewards for long service and are not incentives to work more efficiently of effectively unless the premium is thee to a stock option plan, as scars is. AB bank’s retirement plans are used primarily to retain a loyal workforce. A fixed percentage of salary has been given by AB bank as pension. Holiday Pay After employees have been with an organization for a specific period of time, they usually become eligible for a paid vacation. AB bank provides pay for all established holidays such as Eid, Puja, New Year’s Day, Memorial Day, Christmas and other scheduled holyday. The reason behind paid holyday is to provide a break in which employee can refresh themselves. i. Vacation AB bank offers paid vacations that range from one to six weeks per year. In off poll, employees rated paid vacations and holidays as the third most important benefit behind medical insurance and pension. ii. Leave of Absence Leaves are given for – * Jury Duty- When a person is called for jury duty in the, that service is usually not optional, one must attend or face strict penalties. Employers are not allowed to fire an employee simply for being called to jury duty. AB bank employees are in a paid status of leave for the time they spend by serving jury duty. Election- Employees will get leave of absence during election. * Sickness- If any employee got sick during working days, then the employee will get leave of absence. * Maternity- If any female employee of AB bank becomes pregnant while in employment, she is entitled to take maternity leave. The entitlement to a basic period of maternity leave from employment extends to all female employees in AB bank (including casual work ers), regardless of how long she has been working for the organization or the number of hours worked per week. Health and Insurance Related Benefits It is big challenge for organization to maintain the adequate coverage by limited fund. Employers offer are various types of coverage including- * Life and Auto Insurance- Life and auto insurance is a valuable benefit to  offer employees. It plays a major role to attract and retain good quality staff. Employees of AB bank should have life and auto insurance. Health Benefit Cost containment method * Employee Co-payment * Employee Payment of Deductible * Self Funded Insurance * Wellness Program * Providing More Information * Restriction on Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Program Transport Transport facilities are always available for employees. But there are difference between transport facilities for the officer and employees. Loan Staff banking privileges, including special interest rates for car loans, sundry loans and home loans. Bonus AB bank gives bonus for all the employees and it is given in the two Eid. But how much get it’s depends on the position. Recreation AB bank tries to keep their employees enthusiastic all the time. Every winter there is a picnic for all the employees of AB bank outside Dhaka with full family. Neat and Clean Working Environment Working environment is a big factor for workers. Today’s workers like to work in a cool air fresh environment. AB bank offers a very neat and clean working environment and well furnished office. It’s very important to provide a healthy environment to keep employees healthy. Non-financial Benefits The use of a company car, company expense account, club membership, help in buying and selling a home and the use of company owned report condominiums are example of perks available to manager, executives, and some employees. AB bank offers several non financial benefits like- Stock Benefits Employee thrift, saving, or stock purchase investment plan are also popular. For example in a stock option plan am employee is often guaranteed the right to buy share of company stock at a discount or certain price. Employees who are working for AB bank for 20 years or more they will be eligible for stock benefit. Core employees will have these unique facilities. Employee is often guaranteed the right to buy share of company stock at a discount or a certain price. ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan) When stock is provided as a pan of profit-sharing plan an employee stock ownership plan is developed. When AB bank get certain super benefit then provides some benefit to employee stock owner. Educational Benefit AB bank offers free courses to employees in areas such as computer skills upgrading, business writing and communication, and project planning and training. Cafeteria Plan Because of the verity of option in the benefit area many employers have shifted to or are considering cafeteria plan. As noted earlier cafeteria plan allows employees to pick and choose from a variety of benefit options much as a person choose food at a cafeteria. AB bank has their own cafeteria for the employees. Reasons of Providing so many Benefit We must realize that employees may be paying more for or getting less of the benefits that employers offer. Economic hardships are a reality, and cost cutting measures are mandated. Employees must be willing to accept less if they are to progress in the future. In todays competitive job market, health insurance and life insurance can be a highly effective means of attracting and retaining employees. Continuous improvements, increasing benefits and client work that employee’s value has all helped improve morale and loyalty. In AB Bank, the employees are reward for their valuable contributions with competitive salaries and benefits and great incentives. Comments and Recommendation AB Bank Limited, the pioneer private Bank of the country has created a sense of mass participation through its diversified activities over the last 28 years. Their numbers of client’s service recovers and supporters have been increase rapidly. Even their employee number is now around 2000. They are maintaining their banking business with their 82 branches. For its diversified banking service, it has got a wide range of publicity and created a special image the banking area in the country. ABBL has started making profit from 1985 to still now. Now they are the second highest profit making organization among the private commercial banks of Bangladesh. As because AB Bank believes in modernization, AB bank should pay overtime to the officer who works beyond the working hours and the bank should provide daycare center for children if possible.

Gobal Epidemic of Childhood Obesity Research Paper

Gobal Epidemic of Childhood Obesity - Research Paper Example National surveys with measured height and weight parameters have reported increases in child weight and thus obesity since 1980's. (Hedley et al., 2847-2850) Childhood obesity is a root cause of many health problems and thus leads to innumerable mental and physical health problems including metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (US department of health and human services) hypertension, sleep apnea , heart disease and orthopedic disorders. (Freedman et al., 712-718) Childhood obesity is also associated with psychological and social marginalization issues such as discrimination and low self esteem (Strauss, 105). Since 1980's many research have been conducted to investigate the root cause behind childhood obesity and the ideal role and measures to be taken by parents, school pediatricians and public policy makers. Many environmental factors are examined as potential contributors to obesity but apart from vague linkages which most of the times doesn't even require extensive resear ch and are just logical to human conscience, no specific causes of obesity are identified. A recent study examined the relationship between the effects on body mass of children and proximity of a fast food restaurant chain or some recreational center the basic findings of this research were that children living near a fast food restaurant chain or having a restaurant in the proximal 0.1 miles from their school tend to have a higher BMI. Recreational amenities if located near child's residence tend to lower child BMI such amenities include fitness areas like volleyball courts, football courts and parks. Other research by Howell Wechsler and William H. Dates conducted under the National association of state board of education examined data on obesity amongst children and the role of schools and other educational institutions in dealing with this issue. The study also identifies important strategies school can implement and bring a change. Up till now many research has also been conduc ted to explain the role pediatricians and treatment patterns to cure childhood obesity, they identified reasons and the patterns behind obesity are listed below. Availability of food Heavy dependence on prepackaged calorie dense meals due to time constraint among parents has led to rocketing trends of obesity these time saving behaviors coupled with lower prices of food products that are rich in sugar fat and salt has been identified a significant cause of this epidemic. A recent study identified that consumption of sugar and fats has increased by 64%and 67% respectively (Hedley, 2847-2850). Clear linkages are established between the declining cost of fast food and the epidemic rise in child obesity. Health policies like the requirement of a nutritional label for all fast food and processed meals can be designed to increase nutritional awareness. Rapid shifts towards a more sedentary lifestyle Weight gain or loss is clearly attributable to calorie intake and expenditure in the human body and routine activities play a vital role in calorie consumption. Urban settlements lack sidewalks and infrastructure which may prove a hindrance to short walks and recreation. Studies have documented evidence that present era's children on average spend 28 hours per week watching television and time spend on television is directly related to obesity (Gortmaker et al., 356-362). Other activities

Fly Emirates And Cathay Pacific Airways Comparison Essay

Fly Emirates And Cathay Pacific Airways Comparison - Essay Example The airline operates both passenger and cargo services to more than 160 destinations in about 42 countries in the world. The airlines’ rates as the third biggest airline in terms market capitalization. It is also one of the world’s biggest cargo airlines. The airline was also awarded as the Skytrax airline of the year in 2014.  The Fly Emirates is one of the few airlines who was least affected by airline and economic downturn. Much of this is attributed to their targeted segment of the market. The airline has three main categories of customers. These categories are transit passengers, tourists, and business expatriates. As a result of the emergence of Dubai as a business hub and a tourist destination has really worked in the favor of Fly Emirates. As a result of Dubai’s economic advancements, there has been an increase in the demand for workforce. At the moment the workforce in Dubai consists of individuals from various parts of the world. Due to the diversity of the population, Fly Emirates have had mutual agreements with almost all the national authorities allowing them to operate in an â€Å"open sky† kind of operation which implies that they welcome competition. One of the ways through which the Fly Emirates have improved their marketing penetration is by improving their in-flight service. The most outstanding thing about Fly Emirates marketing strategy is their pricing. As compared to most airlines in Europe, the cost of services offered by the Fly Emirates can be said to be relatively low they have also made sure that their ticketing procedures are convenient. Most of the airlines in Europe have costs that range between 25%-30% higher than what the Fly Emirates charge for their services (Gross &SchröDer 2007, p. 218).