Supernatural in Shakespeare’s The Tempest And Marlowe’s The Tragical Hi

The Supernatural in Shakespe bes The Tempest And Marlowes The tragical History of D. FaustusThe magic forces are at once alike and distinct in Shakespeares The Tempest and in Marlowes The Tragical History of D. Faustus. The metaphysical is kind to Prospero and his female child Miranda in The Tempest, while the devils in Dr Faustus eagerly wait for the day that Faustus would join them in Hell. In both plays, the supernatural provides recurrent waves of sounds and feelings, lending special atmospherical qualities to The Tempest and Dr Faustus. The supernatural serves as a reminder of the hierarchies that exist in both plays, and it also illuminates the human heart, revealing the characters thoughts and wishes. Often appearing visible to all, the supernatural forces in The Tempest and Dr Faustus sustain the plays by providing a distinct atmospheric backbone, by reminding the characters of the existing hierarchies, and by revealing the characters inner hearts.Soaked in the supernat ural, Shakespeares The Tempest possesses an impenetrable veil of eeriness. It opens with the tempestuous roaring of thunder and lightning, setting the stage for panic and confusion amongst the mariners. The mariners scatter and hide, while Ferdinands hair stands on end. This wild and surreal atmosphere prepares the characters and the audience for future encounters with supernatural beings. When the spirit Ariel wakes Gonzalo and the others, Gonzalo says, Tis best we stand upon our guard, or that we quit this place. Lets draw our weapons (II.i.317-318). The mortals are on guard against the supernatural, and this suspenseful atmosphere often returns when Ariel and the other spirits approach these unknowing men. When Prospero remembers ... ...ory of D. Faustus are about the relationship of the two worlds. By creating an supernatural and sometimes humourous atmosphere, the supernatural gives the plays points of interest. The existing hierarchies between mortal and immortal are not to be destroyed, and the supernatural beings in these two plays reinforce the rules. By revealing the characters hearts and minds, the supernatural drive the plot as well as the actions of the individual characters, so that without these beings, these two plays would grind to a standstill. WORKS CITEDMarlowe, Christopher. The Tragical History of D. Faustus. In Renaissance Drama An Anthology of Plays and Entertainments. Edited by A.F. Kinney. Massachusetts Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 2002.Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Greenblatt, Stephen. New York W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., 1997. 3055-3107.

Everything Must Change :: essays research papers fc

     Stephen Crane was born on November 1, 1871. He was born into the Central Methodist church service in Newark. Crane was the fourteenth child of Mary Helen Peck and Reverend Dr. Jonathan Townley Crane Crane attended school in Ashbury Park, New Jersey, where one of his brothers operated a news agency. Crane attempted to spend his college years at Lafayette College. However, he flunked out and transferred to Syracuse University. There, he wrote on of his most prominent stories, "Maggie A young woman Of the Streets" in 1891. Four years later, he finished writing his most well-known piece of work, The Red Badge of Courage. He then traveled to europium to report the Greco-Turkish War for the New York Journal. Travel sent him spiraling into debt. While in Badenweiler, Ger many another(prenominal), Crane came down with tuberculosis compounded with a recurring malaria feverishness he caught from previous travels. Crane died on June 5, 1900. His bodied lied in a horse stall in London before it was returned to New York for services. Today, many recognize Crane as one of the greatest writers in American history     In the story "The Bride Comes To Yellow Sky", the Crane places the reader on a train with Jack Potter and his new bride. The train ride back from San Antonio was a long and droning one. While Jack returns home, a convocation of men have a drink at the local Gentlemans Saloon. The men either chat with the "all-knowing" bartender, or keep quiet. Suddenly, a man runs in to the bar and announces that Scratchy Wilson is drunk again. The Barkeeper locks the doors and the men inside start to worry. They worry because Jack, the town marshal, lacks a presence. As the Town Marshal, everyone knows Jack as the " bozo that takes care of Scratchy Wilson". So, Scratchy starts walking around the streets of Yellow Sky, drunk, and carrying a pistol. He then pays a little visit to Jacks house and tri es to start a fight. However, when Scratchy discovers that Jack is not home, he turns and starts to walk away. As he walks, he stumbles into Jack and his wife. He then gets upset and tells Jack to try to pack him. Jack, not carrying a weapon, informs Scratchy of his marriage and that he does not want to fight him. Scratchy, in disbelief, attempts to provoke him again. Jack again informs him that he is a newlywed and he does not have a gun.

Indifference to Anxiety in Cranes The Open Boat Essay example -- Open

Indifference to Anxiety in Cranes The Open Boat In novel years, critical response to Stephen Cranes The Open Boat has shifted dramatically, focusing less on the tales philosophical agendas than on its epistemological implications. The boloney no longer stands as unless a naturalistic depiction of natures monumental indifference or as simply an existential affirmation of fifes absurdity. Instead, we have slowly come to realize a new level of the text, one that, according to Donna Gerstenberger, explores mans limited capacities for knowing reality (557). Gerstenbergers conclusion that the tale may be best viewed as a story with an epistemological emphasis, one which constantly reminds its reader of the impossibility of mans knowing anything, even that which he experiences (560), is further developed by Thomas L. Kent If we insist that the text be interpreted naturalistically, if we insist, that the text must have some sort of overarching meaning --- even a meaning that shows the u niverse to be existentially absurd --- we place ourselves in the same boat as the deluded castaways who felt that, they could then be interpreters. On both the narrative and extra-textual levels, the subject of The Open Boat is epistemology, and the text suggests that meaning in the universe is secondary to mans ability to preceive sic it. (264) Building upon the insights of Gerstenberger, Kent and others, l hope to show bow the structure of The Open Boat creates an epistemological dilemma, moving the reader from a position of epistemological indifference to a state of epistemological anxiety. Four key moments in the story create this shift from indifference to anxiety first, in Section 1, the opening sentence... ...st way allowing us to know what it is they are now interpreters of, Crane highlights more than our own inability to achieve interpretation, to gain access to knowledge. Rather, he has placed us in such a position that we must shed our casual indifference to our epistem ological failures and embrace, unwillingly perhaps, the anxiety that will view all of our efforts to read lifes impenetrable meanings. WORKS CITED Crane, Stephen. The Open Boat. The University of Virginia Edition of the Works of Stephen Crane Volume V, Tales of Adventure. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville UP of Virginia, 1970. Gerstenberger, Donna. The Open Boat An Additional Perspective. Modern Fiction Studies 17 (1971-72)557-561. Kent, Thomas L The Problem of Knowledge inThe Open Boatand The Blu Hotel. American Literary Realism 14 (1981) 262-268.

Carl Gauss Essay -- Biographies Gauss Mathematician Essays

Carl GaussCarl Gauss was a man who is known for making a great deal breakthroughs in the abundant variety of his work in both mathematics and physics. He is responsible for immeasur adequate to(p) contributions to the fields of number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy, and optics, as well as galore(postnominal) more. The concepts that he himself created have had an immense influence in many areas of the mathematic and scientific world.Carl Gauss was born Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss, on the thirtieth of April, 1777, in Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick (now Germany). Gauss was born into an impoverished family, elevated as the solely son of a bricklayer. Despite the hard living conditions, Gausss brilliance shone through at a young age. At the age of only two years, the young Carl gradually learned from his parents how to pronounce the letters of the alphabet. Carl then set to teaching himself how to read by sounding out the combinations of the lette rs. Around the succession that Carl was teaching himself to read aloud, he also taught himself the meanings of number symbols and learned to do arithmetical calculations.When Carl Gauss reached the age of seven, he began elementary school. His potential for brilliance was recognized immediately. Gausss instructor Herr Buttner, had assigned the class a difficult problem of addition in which the students were to find the sum of the integers from one to one hundred. While his classmates toiled over the addition, Carl sat and pondered the question. He invented the shortcut formula on the spot, and wrote down the correct answer. Carl came to the conclusion that the sum of the integers was 50 pairs of numbers each pair summing to one hundred and one, thus unproblematic multiplication followed and the answer could be found.This act of sheer genius was so astounding to Herr Buttner that the teacher took the young Gauss under his wing and taught him fervently on the flying field of arith metic. He paid for the best textbooks obtainable out of his own pocket and presented them to Gauss, who reportedly flashed through them. In 1788 Gauss began his education at the Gymnasium, with the assistance of his past teacher Buttner, where he learned High German and Latin. After receiving a scholarship from the Duke of Brunswick, Gauss entered Brunswick Collegium Carolinum in 1792. During his time spent at the academy Gauss independent... ...a great deal of concrete results. The Magnetischer Verein and its journal were conceived, and the atlas of geomagnetism was published. From 1850 onwards Gausss work was that of nearly all practical nature. He disputed over a modified Foucalt pendulum in 1854, and was also able to attend the opening of the new railway link between Hanover and Gottingen, but this outing proved to be his last. The health of Carl Gauss deteriorated slowly and he died in his ease early in the morning of February 23, 1855.Carl Gausss influence in the worlds of s cience and mathematics has been immeasurable. His abstract findings have changed the way in which we study our world. In Gausss lifetime he did work on a number of concepts for which he never published, because he felt them to be incomplete. Every one of these ideas (including complex variable, non-Euclidean geometry, and the mathematical foundations of physics) was later ascertained by other mathematicians. Although he was not awarded the credit for these particular discoveries, he found his reward with the pursuit of such research, and finding the truth for its own sake. He is a great man and his achievements will not be forgotten.

Analysis - Second to Last Paragraph in Flannery O’Connor’s A Late Encou

An Analysis of the Second to Last Paragraph in Flannery OConnors A Late Encounter with the EnemyThis establish analyzes the first full paragraph on page143 (the second to last paragraph in the story) that begins with The speaker was done with that war. This passage appears to be what is going through General Sashs head right before he dies. The passage begins by saying The speaker was through with that war and had gone onto the next one and now he was approaching another. The general goes on to state that any his words are vaguely familiar. This is because he has lived through all of these wars and as the speaker mentions them they all go by in the Generals mind as blurred events of the past. The General calls the graduates passing by in their robes a black processional th...

Analysis - Second to Last Paragraph in Flannery O’Connor’s A Late Encou

An Analysis of the Second to Last Paragraph in Flannery OConnors A Late Encounter with the EnemyThis essay analyzes the first full paragraph on page143 (the second to last paragraph in the story) that begins with The vocalizer was through with that war. This passage appears to be what is going through General Sashs head right before he dies. The passage begins by saying The speaker was through with that war and had gone onto the next one and now he was approaching another. The general goes on to state that all his words atomic number 18 vaguely familiar. This is because he has lived through all of these wars and as the speaker mentions them they all go by in the Generals mind as fuzzy events of the past. The General calls the graduates passing by in their robes a black processional th...

Cottle-Taylor

Therefore, maestro riddances will be more beneficial. Also, Mr. Lang had predicted his estimates based on the success in Thailand, still the demographics of Thailand and India are very different. More than 80% of the individuals live on less than $2 per daylight. So, we recommend that we should follow our original projection of 20% unit gross revenue increase. Regards, Assistant Executives Cottle India Case Analysis Summary Situation analysis Mr.Lang has asked Brinda Patel to reconsider her projections of 20% for harvest in soup-strainer gross sales in India. Lang proposes that a 3% increase in the advertisement budget will lead to a 30% increase in sales. This assumption is based on prior screw and support they received in the Thailand Market. But demographics of India is very different from that of Thailand. Problem Statement What is the feasibility of achieving a 25% to 30% growth in toothbrush headache of Cottle India in 2010?Options Brinda Patel should present her origina l marketing plan of 20% projection Brinda Patel should revise her marketing plan to achieve 30% sales growth Criteria Total revenue Profit from operations Accuracy of assumptions paygrade of Options From the analysis and projections, it is seen that though revenue would increase in evising the marketing plan and investing in advertising, the profit earned by the company with the original plan of 20% is still more than the revised market plan of 30%.Recommendation After evaluating the options, it is recommended that Brinda Patel sticks to her original marketing plan of 20% unit sales growth in the toothbrush market. Action plan She should present the original marketing plan to Lang She should persuade Lang about the different economic conditions in India as compared to Thailand. Table of Contents Situational Analysis Cottle Taylor company manufactures more than 200 products under three consumer- roduct categories personal care, domicil care, oral care. It is a global company and o perates in four geographic regions viz. Europe, Latin America, North America and Greater Asia and Africa.In the year 2009, they generated $5. 7 gazillion out of the total revenue of $1 1. 5 billion from emerging. In India, they are present only in the oral care business and the operations are controlled by Cottle India. India was a massive market with above 1 billion people and was also the largest democracy in the world. In 2009, India had around 37% people living below the poverty line and around 80% lived on less than $2 per day. Majority of the Indian population resided in the farming(prenominal) regions, where the wages were varying, so the consumers in the rural regions were sensitive to prices.The company is trying to focus on both the rural as well as the urban market in India and has hence three products in different price ranges. They are low-end, mid-range and battery operated types. Also, the people living in the rural areas are non well aware of the product toothbrus hes. Around 50% of the rural population use chewy twigs from neem tree to clean their teeth and maintain dental hygiene. Cottle India realized the need to direct the people in rural areas regarding ental hygiene and hence the company partnered with Indian Dental Association (IDA) in 2004, to inform and educate people about oral health issues.In 2008, Brinda Patel took over as the marketing director of oral care operations. In 2009, Cottle India had market share of 38% in total oral care. Brinda had a marketing plan which would bring about a 20% increase in sales but her manager has apprised her that the company could higher sales growth by investing more in advertisements. Brinda Patels manager Michael Lang had increased unit sales growth by 25% in Thailand by investing around 3% of sales to advertisement. Langss suggestion of opting the same strategy as that in Thailand will not suffice the bearing in India because of the huge demographic difference between the two countries.Pr oblem Statement What is the feasibility of achieving a 25% to 30% growth in toothbrush business of Cottle India in 2010? Options Brinda patel basically has two options with her. One was to go with her own option to stick to the original marketing plan and increase her sales by 20% or Another option is to go by Langes target of 20-25% owtn in unit sales in the tlnancial year by increasing the budget ot advertising. Criteria for Evaluation Financial analysis is one of the main criteria to evaluate the options present in the situation.In the current scenario revenue generation and increasing the profit are the main things to be taken into account. Since there are two criteria for evaluating the criteria we start with is the profit increasing option. Evaluation of options Option 1 Brinda Patel should revise her marketing plan to achieve 30% unit sales growth Lang projected a growth rate of the toothbrush sales by 16% for low end range, by long hundred% for mid-range and by 25% for the h igh end range. The total revenue is calculated using these fgures (see exhibit 1). The total revenue estimated by Lang is $11705 one million million.Comparing it with the Patels estimation the revenue is high. With Langs projection the Revenue increases by 67. 6%. On the other hand evaluating it in terms of profit there is an increase in profit from $12. 6 million to $17. 58 million (see exhibit 2). But Lang is assuming what worked in Thailand will work in India as well. His prediction is on the basis of the market depart of Thailand and the demographics of the two countries are quite different. We see, from exhibit 1, that the mid-range toothbrushes are priced at $0. 98 and from Exhibit 3, it is can be seen that pproximately 42. % population live below $1. 37 per day and 40. 7% live below $2. 74 per day. Thus, for a country with about 83. 4 % population below $2 per day, Lang had projected to increase in sales by 120 %. It is quite improbable for a consumer to buy a toothbrush wo rth $0. 98 when his disposable income is less than $2 per day.

A Checklist on Effective Team Working

AbstractThis paper presents a checklist of the qualities that make individuals effective police squad members. The checklist comprises of seven qualities which be communication skills, commitment towards attaining the squad objective, competence members respective handle of specialty, creativeness, support and respect for other members, effective organization and management skills, and responsibility and accountability. A further explanation of the relevance of these qualities is also presented.IntroductionTeam black market is defined as the collaboration of several associates, each performing a role that will contribute to the attainment of the whole groups objective (Hill & Parsons, 2014). Effective squadwork requires aggroup members to possess certain qualities in order to facilitate a constructive relationship amongst them (Galbraith & Webb, 2013). This paper presents a checklist and rationale of team upwork qualities. The checklist is developed from my personal career e xperiences.Checklist of Qualities of a Team Player Effective communication skills Commitment towards attaining the team objective Competence in ones field of specialty Creativity gaze and support for other team members Effective management and organization skills Accountability and responsibility RationaleThis section presents an explanation of the relevance of the above qualities to team work. acknowledgement is also made to academic sources to provide a to a greater extent detailed explanation of these qualities.Communication SkillsIn order to function successfully in a team, members ought to be suitable to effectively communicate on both emotional and intellectual directs (Lencioni, 2012). Possession of this skill enables one to effectively present their ideas to other group members or present their displeasure in certain ideas without being threatening. Communication also involves listening, which is vital for internalizing the ideas presented by other team members. The pre sentday technological advancements like the profits and mobile pperfects have further eased the communication process, which is also advantageous for team work and has led to the virtual team phenomenon (Duarte & Snyder, 2011). Lack of communication skills a great deal lead to conflicts within the team or groupthink, where slightly team members agree with ideas without any constructive debate.Commitment to Attainment of the Team ObjectiveThe level of team members commitment to assemble and accomplish the teams goals is a critical contributing factor towards the success of the team (Dunin-Keplicz & Verbrugge, 2011). All teamwork makes involve the contribution of individual members towards the attainment of an boilers suit objective. Therefore, commitment starts by their acknowledgement of the fact that what they are working to achieve cannot be solely done by one individual (Mohammed & Harrison, 2013). Committed team members have a high regard for the roles that they have been allocated and work as hard as possible to ensure that they are well accomplished within the allocated time. Commitment however depends on how organizations motivate the team members (Sheng et al., 2010).CompetenceAllocation of roles and responsibilities in team work is done according to the specialty of each team member (Lencioni, 2012). For instance, it is pass judgment that a marketing role will be delegated to an individual who has a rich background in marketing and not engineering. By exercising competence in the roles they are allocated, team members create a sense of confidence in team leaders and other members that they will deliver the required level of quality (Galbraith & Webb, 2013). It is also necessary for team members to only accept roles in which they are sure of delivering paramount quality (Dunin-Keplicz & Verbrugge, 2011). The lack of the required levels of competence results in poor delivery of individual roles, which adversely affects the overall results of the team.CreativityCreativity is defined as the ability to come up with ingenious solution for certain issues or problems (Mumford, 2012). In teamwork, it is a very important tool, especially when the problem at hand has no pre-defined approach of addressing it. When a team has creative members, one of the main advantages is that the project at hand will not be hindered by common challenges that may arise in the course of its come up. Whereas creativity can be considered as an individual quality, Foss et al. (2013) also argued that creativity can be nurtured within the team because team members provide different suggestions of approaches that can be used in solving problems.Effective Management and OrganizationIn the course of a team project, there are short-term objectives to be met that contribute to the attainment of the larger goal (Mohammed & Harrison, 2013). It is therefore vital for team members to effectively manage and organize time and resources that they have been allocate d to accomplish their roles. The lack of management and organization skills is likely to result in delays or failure of some team members in accomplishing their roles within the allocated time schedule and resources (Galbraith & Webb, 2013). Management and organization also determines the punctuality of team members in attending meetings or reporting the progress of their allocated duties.Respect and Support for other Team MembersOne of the pillars of teamwork is the acknowledgement of the roles played by each member of the group (Duarte & Snyder, 2011). This eliminates the subscription to the ideology by other team members that their roles are more important than others. According to Sheng et al. (2010), support of other team members who may be experiencing difficulties exemplifies a sense of loyalty towards one another. Expressing respect and support rather than playing the blame game builds confidence in team members and contributes towards a constructive working relationship (Ga lbraith & Webb, 2013). It also increases the possibility of successful collaboration in prospective projects.Accountability and ResponsibilityAccountability and responsibility play a major role in instilling self discipline among members when handling projects they have been assigned to (Graham & Englund, 2013). Whilst not all team members can be allocated a leadership position in the team, they have to be responsible for the small roles they have been assigned and ensure that they deliver them on time (Sheng et al., 2010). Accountability in team work ensures that every action taken in contribution to the team project is justifiable. It is however argued that accountability limits creativity because of the fear of mistakes that can arise when trying out creative problem solving procedures (Mumford, 2012).ConclusionTeamwork is an inevitable phenomenon in any organization. It is therefore necessary for individuals to hone skills that enable them to be advance team players. This pape r has outlined some f the qualities that are considered as being vital for anyone who wants to be successful team player. Whereas I possess all of the discussed skills, I also intend to improve my level of perfection in them in order to be a better team player in future.ReferencesDuarte, D.L. & Snyder, N.T., 2011. Mastering Virtual Teams Strategies, Tools, and Techniques That Succeed. San Fransisco Josey-Bass.Dunin-Keplicz, B. & Verbrugge, ?J., 2011. Teamwork in Multi-Agent Systems A Formal Approach. New Jersey John Wiley & Sons.Foss, L., Woll, K. & Moilanen, M., 2013. Creativity and implementations of new ideas Do organisational structure, work environment and gender matterInternational Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 5(3), pp.298-322.Galbraith, D.D. & Webb, F.L., 2013. Teams That Work Preparing Student. American Journal Of Business Education Teams For The Workplace, 6(2), pp.223-33.Graham, R.J. & Englund, R.L., 2013. Creating an environment for successful projects. New Jer sey John Wiley & Sons.Hill, F. & Parsons, L?., 2014. Teamwork in the Management of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. New Jersey Routledge.Lencioni, P., 2012. The Five Dysfunctions of a Team Intact Teams Participant Workbook. San Francisco Pfeiffer.Mohammed, S. & Harrison, D.A., 2013. The clocks that time us are not the same A theory of temporal diversity, task characteristics, and performance in teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 122(2), pp.244-56.Mumford, M.D., 2012. Handbook of Organizational Creativity. capital of the United Kingdom Elsevier.Sheng, C.W., Tian, Y.F. & Chen, M.C., 2010. Relationships among teamwork behavior, trust, perceived team support, and team commitment. Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal, 38(10), pp.1297-305.

Language Analysis Bullying

Girls College wrote an opinion piece Its time for us to take a impasse, which was published In the Breadboard Leader on the 9th of December, 2013, she contends In a critical and negative tone that the young people of Australia must stand up against the cruel, vindictive and cowardly practice of bullying. Elise explains how bullying has been around since the start of time, however sociable media is make acts such(prenominal) as bullying too cushy for these bullies to argue their victims and little is being through about it.Stakeholders include friends, family, workers, schools, social media, victims, and the medical industry. The target earreach for this text is the victims, to encourage them to stand up for themselves. Elise opens up the article in a serious and urgent tone, explaining how serious this really is, and how little Is being done about it, strongly suggesting something needs to be done now. Social Media perplexes such as Backbone and Twitter play a huge role In Webe r bullying, they make millions of dollars In advertising and Elise explains how It Is plainly fair If they use some of the money to help stop the spellbinding that their platforms allow.She draws In the audience with a persuasive technique appealing them to fear by stating it seems that not a month goes by when we dont hear another story of a teen somewhere overseas or in Australia that has taken their conduct due to the bullying that has occurred on line. Another effective technique she has used is the use of rhetorical questions for example Can we as young people sit idly y while these companies become indirectly wealthy from the misery they help create? Can parents knowingly let their children use websites that allow such cruel behavior to be facilitated? Elise continues to explain the causes of bullying with reason and logic, stating that most bullies are highly sensitive so they bully to avoid getting bullied themselves, and making them feel the bigger person, or to compensa te for some short coming In their lives. She then explains In a call and clear tone how primary(prenominal) It Is for the parents to educate their children that bullying s not acceptable, suggesting how can the children take a stand for themselves if they have no guidance by their parents?Elise explains much in perspicaciousness how the parents need to be educated themselves, so they can educate their children that the appalling behavior of bullying is wrong. The best way to stop bullying is to prevent it, and the parents and teaching method department play a key role in that. She explains the effects of bullying in every aspect, not only the physical and emotional cost, but the financial cost too for example it costs the tax areas money every time they have to go to the doctors surgery.She uses evidence and repetition as a persuasive technique that Is supporting her contention effectively. For example Based on 2009 studies, 27 per cent of students In years four to nine are bull ied on a regular basis lets call It one In four students. Personally I am horrified by this statistic. One in four ONE IN quaternion Elise closes the article with an for themselves. She says Remember that we the good people outnumber the bullies. Dont let the unnecessary suffering continue. United we stand, divided they fall. In the visual piece of the text thither is a photograph of a young child with innocent eyes looking right up at you, with his hands up showing the rowing written across them stop bullying. The camera is angled in front and above the boy, creating a dominating effect, making the boy look more vulnerable, innocent and weak. It is a simple but powerful photograph taken by James Luckier. The effects on the stakeholders such as the victims of bullies sends out a message to them to take a stand for themselves.The effect on the bullies is that they would hopefully feel bad for what they do and actually consider thinking about stopping. In conclusion, Elise uses ma ny different techniques and tones in this argument, with a lot of logic and evidence to support her main points, so overall this is an effective persuasive piece, leaving the audience convinced to take a stand. We outnumber the bullies, they are truly the weak ones. Target audience young people themselves, taking a stand Stakeholders friends, family, workers, schools, social media, victims, medical industry

Rethinking Video Game Violence Essay

Technological advancements made in the twenty first century have forever altered the lives of e genuinely individual in this planet. Digital technologies have made communication among individuals real easy with the click of a button. In addition to this, technical advancements have also affected how people entertain themselves. Children all over the world argon already abandoning their traditional toys. Action figures, matchboxes, building sets and puzzles are directly losing its popularity because of the invasion of picture show gimpys.The technological advancements have introduced the Play Station, Xbox, Game Cube, etc. to millions and millions of children all over the world (Mayor, 2005). True enough the learning of video and online games has interminably invaded the households of citizens all over the world, targeting their most important clients, the children. For some reason, video games only cater to the issue adolescents and children only in rare cases do they tend t o be successful in influencing the adults.This is due to the fact that these games were designed using the role-playing method, which only entice the youngisher population as they are the ones who could not distinguish which is authoritative and which remains to be in the fantasy realm of their minds. When adults observe children playing video games, the former fails to see what the latter sees (Mackey, n. d. ). In one way or another, these video games contribute to the construction of the childrens identity and culture, thus greatly affecting the lives of the children.With the popularity of video games increasing, the traditional ways by which childhood is characterized have unendingly eroded and undermined. Somehow, no one knows where and what childhood really is about (In Search of the Child, 1969). Together with these advancements in technology come social problems associated with children and the youth such as drug-trafficking, teenage crime and the adoptment of children in crime. The development of these video games has continuously instructed fear upon educators and parents as they continuously affect the childrens lives.Critics of video games fear transmittal of lashing messages to the children as they engage in playing with these video games (Squire, 2002). It was in 1980 when these video games were developed when President Reagan called for the creation of cold war warriors, knowing that these games would instill skills and attitudes to the warriors. However, more critics become more and more afraid of the do of these games to cultural activities. They would often think that these would become process children negatively as these would cause the young children addiction in technological developments (Squire, 2002). In April of 2002, a U.S. District Judge named Stephen N. Limbaugh, Sr. made a claim which in some way contrasted this cross fact. According to this genuinely famous personality, video games are not capable in conveying ideas or expressing anything else that could possibly amount to speech (Jenkins, n. d. ). Because of this, video games did not enjoy original protection since then. Limbaugh also said that for as long as games do not express ideas, no game shall be protected even if laws intelligibly state that children and the youth should not have access to any form of media that is said to explicitly contain violence and cozy messages (Jenkins, n.d. ). According to different query and studies made regarding this topic, the kids who have are now part of the videogame generation does not respond to traditional instructions. Because of this, researchers and educators worry that video games transmit hyper competitive and distorted sexual values to the children. Government policies have been constructed in such away that violent messages could not reach the children. Government policies introduced censorship practices which aim to keep the different homes dear from violence and distorted sexual messages .There had been several devices developed that could help in filtering out violent messages from reaching the homes of the children (In Search of the Child, 1969). In addition, video games are said to turn the childrens attention away from their academics (Squire, 2002). This particular ruling met a lot of criticisms, arguing that video games do express ideas that could definitely solve the minds of the youth negatively. moving-picture show games are seen to have psychological and social effects (Jenkins, n. d. ). According to some critics, gamers produce meanings through game play and other colligate activities.Effects are often seen as they emerge in the game itself. Thus, meanings become visible through interpretations as it continuously reflect our conscious engagement. done this, they would be put into words and finally, examined. New meanings would often arise from what we already know and think. Because of this, each and e very(prenominal) player would interpret a game a ccord to his or her own experience and knowledge (Jenkins, n. d. ). In the same manner, it is often argued that children could not distinguish fantasy from reality.Due to this, focusing on meaning would ontogenesis the knowledge and competence each player has, that would often start with the mastery of particular concepts that differentiate the fantasy from the real world (Jenkins, n. d. ). This wallpaper would look into the effects of video games on the children and the role they play in the lives of the children. In the same manner, it would look into how violence is instilled in the minds of these children through these video games. In addition to this, this paper shall look into how these games construct meanings and identities for the young children.For this paper to accomplish these tasks, it shall be using the game RuneScape, developed by Jagex Ltd. , one of the most popular online games in the strong world. RuneScape Released and Operated by Jagex Ltd. in 2001, RuneScape, once again is one of the most popular games in the world. It is said to take place in the fantasy world of Gielinor which is divide into different kingdoms, regions and areas. Players travel throughout the world by foot, often using spells and devices and other means of transportation. As they travel to each region, players face different monsters and quests.In the same way, more and more materials are being made available to them (RuneScape, 2007). Players are portrayed in the screen as avatars that could easily be customized. The players of this game could set their own goals and objectives together with the activities they would want to absorb in order to reach their goal. Competitors engaged in the game are not advance to pursue a linear path. They fight with other players, monsters, complete quests and increase their experience in all the skills available. Interaction between players is also encouraged through chatting, trading, etc (RuneScape, 2007).Video Games and their I mpact to Childrens Lives A very famous retired military psychologist, Grossman said that video games teach kids to kill in the same way the military trains their soldiers. This very famous retired military man turned psychologist identified the following military concepts included in video games. The following are brutalization, classical teach, operant conditioning and role modeling. These concepts are said to be adopted by the training camps as they prepare their soldiers for the battlefield (Jenkins, n. d. ).These methods have similarities in the way players interact with the information processing system games and other players. Because of this, the over exposure of children to these kinds of violence at the age when they are still having a hard time in distinguishing fantasy from reality handle them. Because of the rewards associated with the different video games, the children are trained to kill in exchange for these prizes. In addition to this, Grossman claims that a chil d acquires the same conditioned reflex and aim skills the soldiers have every time he plays an interactive point-and-shoot video game (Jenkins, n.d. ). Lastly, soldiers tend to imitate the role models being made visible in the games. Thus, the porta of acquiring the same skills in real life is high. For humanist researchers on the other hand, these games are very powerful tools for teaching. It could help players in problem figure out as they can see their mistakes as opportunities for learning and reflection (Jenkins, n. d. ). Thus, they would be finding better solutions to their problems. The different video games encourage the players to form their own hypotheses, and in the same manner, test them.In the obstacles that they face in the game world, their abilities are pushed to the highest level, since these games are designed in such a way that players would be encouraged to meet their goals (Jenkins, n. d. ). Thus, video games increase aggression among its players which then affects crime rates all over the world. Because of this, even unrealistic video games could be dangerous for the children and young adolescents. According to an experimental study that dealt with college students that engage in video games, these students have increased aggression after exposure to fantasy violent video games.This then proves the alarming situation at hand, that young adults are even affected by the violent messages transmitted by video games even when they are already supposed to know how to differentiate between fantasy and reality (Anderson, 2003). Because of this, these video games are said to be more dangerous than violent television shows and cinemas. In the same way, newly developed video games are now designed to reward the players for killing innocent bystanders, police, prostitutes, etc. using different means and weapons (Anderson, 2003).Hence, the plots of video games are now worse than ever, becoming more and more violent. In addition to this, there are even games that make some criminals as the heroes of the particular video game. For the author of the book What Video Games Have to Teach Us about Learning and Literacy, the most powerful dimension of these games is the projective identity. Projective identity is the way role-playing allows us to experience the world from different perspectives. Identity then is chosen, accepted or constructed rather than imposed through the games that they engage in.How Video Games Define What it means to be A Child Young children, as mentioned often find it hard to distinguish fantasy from reality. Thus, most children are engaged in games that often involve role-playing. As defined, role-playing games are composed of sessions where group of gamers meet to play. Make believe rules are often formulated which may be simple or sophisticated. As adults already know the difference between reality and fantasy, they find it hard to grasp the concept associated with role playing games (Fei, n. d. ).These r ole-playing games have said to continuously influence the personality of the children and other young adults. These particular influences, in turn help in shaping the identities of these teens, especially those that are still in the so-called development phase (Fei, n. d. ). How Children Use Video Games to Construct their Realities and Identities As mentioned in the previous parts of this paper, children engage in role playing activities when they play with video games. Thus, this somehow helps them in constructing their realities and identities, how they perceive themselves.This perhaps is the reason why research published in 2000 supports the fact that playing violent video games increases ones raptorial thoughts, feelings and behavior. Apparently, without the childrens proper discernment of what is right and wrong would lead them to the adoption of these concepts that are supposed to exist only in the fantasy world in real life. In the study conducted by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill, it showed that their college student respondents have been influenced by the violent games they have played or are currently playing.It is quite straightforward that the aggressiveness they have acquired through playing these violent video games caused their delinquent behaviors in the past (Anderson, 2003). In the same manner, video games have been a very popular avenue in which certain children construct their gender realities. In one way or another, video games have played a very important role in enhancing the gender differences between the girls and the boys. Based on observation and research, the characters, stories and worlds created by girls are truly different from that of the boys.Obviously, boys are more violent than the girls, making violence the most popular feature of the video games for boys. On the other hand, the girls just do not find the themes of these video games appealing hunting, battling with monsters, etc. Because of this, video games tend to be mor e popular among the male kids than the female ones. In addition, this then leads to the social construct embedded upon the young minds of these children. At a very young age, the differences between the roles of the males and the females are quite clear to them (Kafai, 2001).

Chapter 1 Essay

The problem and its background1.1 IntroductionA peer host is both a social host and a primary gathering of plenty. It whitethorn be defined as a theme of people who shargon similarities such as age, background, and social status. The members of this group ar belike to influence the psyches beliefs and behavior. Also, a peer group jackpot render a serious effect in an academic status of a person. School is where many a nonher(prenominal) children meet peers, form friendships, and take part in groups. For friendless, rejected, or victimized children, the school must be a less-than desirable context and certainly a place that is unlikely to promote learning or well-being (Tarrant, 2002). Individuals tend to sight in groups because of the fact that studying with peers is easier and fun. The study group environment offers pupils the opportunity to engage in a more in-depth discussion with peers, sharing information and knowledge about a tier they are collectively enrolle d in. Peer group studying can serve well with the issue of procrastination.Many students tend to cram for tests/exams on the night before or begin projects with very limited time before the due date. When involved in a study group, meeting at schedule times can keep the active participants from procrastinating. In addition, individuals in study groups are less likely to delay or put-off assignments because they understand that other people are relying on them. Also, it can jock in understanding information more efficiently students tend to learn faster breaking within a group than working al 1. If a student was working on his/her own, there would be a lot of time wasted puzzling over the difficulty. However, when students work in groups, they have the opportunity to explain concepts, review material, exchange ideas, and disagree/reason with one another about why one persons answer differs from another.Thus, one can seek clarification and learn faster working in a group setting w hile gaining personal skills. In other countries, governments and officials are supporting peer group studying they see it as a more effective way in learning. A number of course of studys rivet on the early identification of at-risk students exist at the institutions in this peer group. All of these programs are designed to ease the transition from secondary school to higher education, peculiarly for students who are likely to be at risk once inthe university, and/or to identify these students once they have begun their first semester classes.They are overall battleful in helping those students who need help (Sherif, 1964). In the Philippines, no agencies or government are supporting this kind of study, but individuals especially students are influenced by peer group studying. Filipino students are more comfortable in studying with their peers rather than studying alone (Benilde Students, 2008). In the lycee of the Philippines University Manila, peer group studying is apply by some students, they also tend to see that group studying is more effective way to learn the lesson or courses they are studying (Lyceum Students, 2010). Nevertheless, peer group studying still have disadvantages to an individual.Peer ram is the pressing of a member of the collective group to behave in a manner that s/he finds unacceptable. Often, when parents are telling their children they may not participate in a behavior, a child responds with what the other kids are doing. This response demonstrates a level of pressure felt by the child to participate in an activity or behavior. Another disadvantage is the feelings associated with rejection. These emotions take on resentment, dislike, a feeling of isolationism and even depression. Also, peer groups are powerful agents of risk behaviors in adolescence.Adolescents typically replace family with peers regarding social and leisure activities, and many problematic behaviors occur in the context of these groups. A study (Kertz, 20 12) focused on adolescents engagement in risk behaviors. Participants completed a self-report measure of identicalness commitment, which explores values, beliefs, and aspirations, as well as a self-report that measures perceived peer group pressure and take for. Both peer group pressure and control were convinced(p)ly related to risky behaviors. However, adolescents who were more perpetrate to their personal identity had lower rates of risk behaviors. Overall, this study shows us that adolescent identity conditionment may help prevent negative effectuate of peer pressure in high-risk adolescents(http//www.montclair.edu/media/montclairedu/residentialeducation/pdffiles/Study-Group-Tips-and-Advantages-1.pdf). Another issue about peer groups is get offual activity. A longitudinal study done in 2012 followed a group of adolescents for thirteen years. Self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, counselor ratings, and parent reports were collected, and results showed a strong correlation between deviant peer groups and inner promiscuity. Many teens claimed that the reasons for having sex at a young age include peer pressure or pressure from their partner(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_group).The aforesaid issues and concern about peer group studying have prompted the researchers to aim a study on the effectuate on the academic performance of peer groups among freshmen CITHM students of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. 1.2 Theoretical FrameworkThis study result be anchored on the theory of social learning (Mead, 2004). According to this theory, children begin to perceive themselves from the perspective of the generalized other, the community as a whole. sagacious the norms and values of society, children can begin to know how their actions are perceived by the generalized other. Mead said that everyone has an I and a me. The I is the individual or the true up self and the me is the way one acts in different social situations under the norms of society. Through social interaction people learn the acceptable me. Mead felt that children develop their selves through interaction. Children begin to pattern their selves after a subprogram model (www.webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.html). This theoretical framework can be applied to the study that mentoring has positive effects on children. The mentor acts as the generalized other and serves as a role model to the student who begins to imitate the mentor.This then reflects the positive effect of mentoring. The student changes his/her me to conform to the norms of society. Moreover, this study will be anchored on the theory of the Zone of Proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978). This theory focuses on the importance of a childs culture and notes that a child is continually acting in social interactions with others. The Zone of Proximal development is defined as the gap between what a student can do alone and what the student can achieve through teacher assistance. Th e values and attitudes of the peer group are essential elements in learning. Those who surround themselves with academically focused peers will be more likely to internalize this type of behavior (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_development). This theoretical framework can be applied on the study that with assistance, student can achieve more lessons rather than studying alone. And by the help of peers, individuals can be more successful in their field. 1.3conceptual FrameworkThe conceptual paradigm below explains the advantages and disadvantages in studying with peer groups. Advantages in studying with peer groups.1. Helps with procrastination. Many students tend to cram for tests/exams on the night before or begin projects with very limited time before the due date. When in a study group, meeting at scheduled times can keep the active participants from procrastinating. In addition, individuals in study groups are less likely to delay or put-off assignments because the y understand that other people are relying on them. 2. Improve new study skills. There are always ways to enhance your studying methods/techniques in your study skills. Joining a study group will get out you the opportunity to observe a wide variety of study methods and incorporate them into your regimen. Note-taking and organization skills are two study study components that continue to be improved through study groups.3. Absorb information more efficiently. Students tend to learn faster working within a group versus working alone. If a student was working on his/her own, there would be a lot of time wasted puzzling over the difficulty. However, when students work in groups, they have the opportunity to explain concepts, review material, exchange ideas, and disagree/reason with one another about why one persons answer differs from another. Thus, one can seek clarification and learn faster working in a group setting while gaining personal skills. Disadvantages in studying with pee r groups.1. Peer pressure. is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform to group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are formally members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to these groups.2. Aggression and prosocial behavior. Social behaviors can be promoted or discouraged by social groups, and several studies have shown that aggression and prosociality are susceptible to peer influence. A longitudinal study done in 2011 focused on these two behaviors. A sample of adolescents was followed over a one-yearperiod, and results showed that adolescents who joined an aggressive group were more likely to increase their aggression levels. Also, adolescents were likely to display prosocial behaviors that were similar to the consistent behaviors of the group they were in. An adolescents peer group plays a role in shaping him or her into an adult, and the lack of positive behavior can lead to consequences in the future. 3. Sexual promiscuity. Adolescence is also characterized by physical changes, new emotions, and sexual urges and teenagers are likely to participate in sexual activity. A longitudinal study done in 2012 followed a group of adolescents for thirteen years. Self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, counselor ratings, and parent reports were collected, and results showed a strong correlation between deviant peer groups and sexual promiscuity. Many teens claimed that the reasons for having sex at a young age include peer pressure or pressure from their partner.The effects of sexual activity at a young age are of great concern. Pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases are only a few of the consequences that can occur. 4. Risk behaviors. Several studies have shown that peer gro ups are powerful agents of risk behaviors in adolescence. Adolescents typically replace family with peers regarding social and leisure activities, and many problematic behaviors occur in the context of these groups. A study done in 2012 focused on adolescents engagement in risk behaviors. Participants completed a self-report measure of identity commitment, which explores values, beliefs, and aspirations, as well as a self-report that measures perceived peer group pressure and control. Both peer group pressure and control were positively related to risky behaviors. However, adolescents who were more committed to a personal identity had lower rates of risk behaviors. Overall, this study shows us that adolescent identity development may help prevent negative effects of peer pressure in high-risk adolescents.DISADVANTAGESSTUDYING WITH PEER GROUPPEER hugADVANTAGESAGGRESSION AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIORHelps with ProcrastinationSEXUAL PROMISCUITYImprove New Study SkillsRISK BEHAVIORSAbsorb Inf ormation More EfficientlyFigure 1. Conceptual paradigm of the research.1.4 Statement of the ProblemThe purpose of this study is to identify the academic effects of peer group study in freshmen CITHM students of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. Specifically, the study seeks answers to the avocation questions 1. How can a student obtain the advantages in peer group studying and 2. What are the disadvantages of peer group study and3. What are the programs that can help a peer group in their academics. 1.5 Significance of the StudyThe study focused on explaining the effects of peer group study among freshmen CITHM student of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. Moreover, the results of the study will be beneficial to the following Commission on Higher Education Department (CHED). The result of this study can help them provide a program for students on how they can improved their academic performance. Respondents. The respondents will have an awareness on t he importance of the peer group program and its role on the improvement of their academic performance. Teachers/Mentors. The result of the study will help the teachers/mentors provide encouragement to think of ideas that will give proper guidance to the students. This may also increase their competency. Future Researchers. The findings of the study will serve as a reference material and a guide for future researchers who wish to conductthe same experimental study or any study related to peer group effects. 1.6 Scope and LimitationThis study covers the effects of peer group study among freshmen CITHM students of the Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila. Nevertheless this study will not cover anyone who does not belong to the respondents. Moreover, this study covers the advantages and disadvantages of peer group study. Nevertheless, this study will not cover the reasons why a respondent faces rebellion, and this study will cover what programs of the school can help the respond ents study more efficiently with their peers. Nevertheless, this study will not cover social identity. The results of this study is applicable only to the respondents of this study and should not be used as a measure of the effect of mentoring program on the students who do not belong to the population of this study. 1.7 Definition of TermsThe terms in this study are conceptually and operationally defined for develop understanding of the readers. * Aspiration. An individuals need to meet realistic goals, receive feedback and experience a sense of accomplishment* Course. A unit of instruction in one subject, lasting one academic term* Cram. Is the practice of working intensively to absorb large volumes of informational material in short amounts of time.* Isolationism. A form _or_ system of government of national isolation by abstention from alliances.* Longitudinal. A research study that involves repeated observations of the same items over long periods of time* Norms. A principle of proper(a) action binding upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior.* Peer group. Is a group of people who are relate in some way. Those in a peer group have the same status and are about the same age. They ofteninteract with the group as a whole.* Procrastination. To put off intentionally the doing of something that should be done.* Prosociality. Beneficial to all parties and consistent with community laws and mores.* Sexual promiscuity. Is the practice of casual sex with sevenfold sexual partners.* Sexually transmitted diseases. are illnesses that have a significant probability of transmission between humans by means of human sexual behavior, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex.* Social Group. Has been defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.* Victimized. To make a victim of.* Zone of Proximal development. Is t he difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help.

Logistics: An Introduction to Supply Chain Management Essay

IntroductionTransportation is a major ripening that should be faced well by the society at inaugurate. It could be observed that this particular section of innovation in the society has actually assisted the entire influence of globalisation to actually take place deep down this era of human development. Undeniably, the development of transport has also increased the capability of the individual merchants in the field of commercial industry to make trade with the others in the global market thus giving them the chance to introduce their products and services to neighboring countries thus increases their chances of gaining higher level of profit from the international market.This is the reason wherefore Ballou actually tried to focus on how often the verbalize face of technological innovation actually affected the lives of the human society today. Consequently though, through and through his reading, he was able to have a exquisite understanding and presentation as well that would actually make it easier for the readers to understand the major effects of the process within the lifestyle and the development of the individuals in the society.In his discussion with regards the matter, Ballou points out the major role that transportation plays in the process of global advancement, especially in terms of commercial connections between countries or so the world. He points out that one of the major changes that transportation undergoes is the ability of the topical system of transport to handle passing technological issues and applications that are embedded within the program of transport to perform better and far more efficient than it did in the past.How a good deal impacting is this field of study for the current society? Several contents of the book shall give a brief overview of the matter thus assisting in making the process much acceptable for the exceedingly technologically driven society that it caters to today.Content and Summary The book of Ballou as noted earlier is highly involved with the understanding of the necessary things needed to be given attention in clarifying the systems application as it particularly affects the present expressive style of economic advancement in the society today. Constantly, movies and other programs today have actually wanted to feature the different kinds of transportation advancements within the global community of the human society today, showing how much beneficial the said inventions are to the lives of the people as compared to the lives of humans before. The reality however behind the said advancement is not simply dependent on the design and the development of the systems employ within the said transport machines. Instead, it is through the application of the systems of information technology that transportation operations today are actually taking into fine consideration for regular operational reasons. In get ahead discussion of the matter, Ballou intended to utilize sever al(prenominal) actual implications of the system to actually attest to the fact that IT contributes much within the system. In different television programs, the efficiency of both air, land and water-based transportation today actually helps in the process of sending messages and handling guarantor issues for client satisfaction purposes are shown particularly useful for the whole human community. The benefits of highly developed transportation are obviously seen through the developments of the trading businesses roughly the world. With the use of information technology, the constancy of the arranged schedules of routes that transport vehicles are to take for the sake of on-time delivery purposes become highly organized thus reaching the time-standards of several trading businesses and organizations around the world today.The utilization of logistics systems integrated within the mechanical systems of the transport operations likely increase the competency of the whole system in handling the different responsibilities that are expected for the transport systems to complete. Seeing this particular benefit actually increases the competency of the system to handle further higher responsibilities that are to be placed upon its reliability in the future. This time though, the developers of the system are rather making better amends in furthering the operation of the transport systems around the world. Focusing on the capability of the industrialized countries to handle the suggested developments, the researches and studies are still being pursued to at least increase the competency of the programs that are to be further integrated within the transport systems. Once the developing changes are applied, the operation of transport around the world are expected to become much beneficial thus much appropriate for the sake of those who are highly affected by the said technological improvement.Reactions and Overviews As noted earlier, the author used authorized sources to support the claims that he further presented in his book. It is through this that he has been able to validate the different issues that he further presented and raised within the condition of his writing. At the verge of understanding the specific details that actually increase the competency of the said system, it is highly observed that the author tried his best to present the issues that are involved in the transport operation that particularly affect the lives of the human society directly. The lives of the people around the world are obviously being assisted in becoming highly civilized through the application of transport operations in the system.Overall View of the Reading It is through this report that it has been clarified how the author tried to clarify the issues with regards transport development that includes the regular dealings of the human society today. For the sake of fast development and wide globalization application in the international trade systems, the development of transportation has actually been noted by the experts of commercial advancement as the primary source of further coalition of the systems for the sake of global advancement. It could be noted that this is a major reading that could help in the process of ameliorate the lives of the people in the society. concord this particular writing is actually a fine description of the matter that increases the competency of the system that could assist in the progress of the world in improving the globalization systems. With the utilization of fine transportation, the development of the different countries around the world is sure to boost thus giving chance to every nation to think a way with which they are able to expand their options in extending their chances for the sake of total globalization. The constancy of the system as required by the new trend of development in the human society as per assessed through the advancements needed for the pursuance of globalization.Refe renceDonald Waters. (2003). Logistics An Introduction to Supply Chain Management. Palgrave Macmillan.

Cultural Critique – Racism

Unfortunately, in this time and age, racism continues to be an issue in the Ameri lav society, especially in the s proscribedh. Since the conception of slavery, galore(postnominal) mass watch the belief that skin color determines someones ranking in life. After the freedom of slaves, racism became a large(p) problem in America. As a result, other races look down upon some antithetic cultures and ethnic groups believing that they be superior to others. racism has trinity to good deal discriminate against one another and become prejudice. Unfortunately, racism effects peoples lifestyles, job opportunities, and education. Racism affects a persons lifestyle.Unfortunately, racism can apparent movement a person to go into deep depressions. After constantly hearing negative aspects of a persons image, people can begin to slow themselves. Unfortunately, self-loathing can cause a person to become suicidal or cause self-harm. Because of racism, people have gone to extreme lengths to change their physical appearance. For example, many people have confessed about trying to change their skin complexion by putting harmful substances on their bodies to bleach their skin. Dealing with racism can be oppressive. Fortunately, there are people who turn things like this into auspicious outcomes.For example, during the civil rights movement, the people of America fought to change the oppression of racism. By doing so, they defeated the milestone and overcame racism, by doing what they were told they could not. Instead of letting others put them down with spiteful words, they lifted each other up with encouraging words. As a result, they created self-love and the greenness phrase Black is Beautiful. Racism can also affect a persons job opportunities. Racism cause races to believe that they are bump than another race. As a result, people may discriminate against another person due to their appearance.For example, many African Americans are discriminates against in the work place. Consequently, African Americans have to work harder than others to obtain the same job than someone of a different race does, say Caucasians. This affects the African American community causing for the different negative statistics about unemployment and welfare increase. Fortunately, there was a law passed that prohibits discrimination of any type in the work place. These laws prohibit jobs from discriminating against people for their race, gender, and ability. Racism has affected the education of many children.In the past, racism has caused separatism. During the times of segregation, African Americans students attended different schools than the Caucasian students. The African American children had to use used books with torn and ripped out pages, while the Caucasian students used brand new books. This caused there to be a gap in learning process of African American students. Although segregation no longer exists in the school system, it still affects the education o f children today. Schools in African American communities do not have the different amenities as schools located in diverse communities.Researchers have found that the achievement gap is linked to racial segregation. There are currently no segregated schools, solely instead schools that are aimed toward different ethnic groups, but will allow any one of any race to attend. For example, there are schools that target the filthy community and educate them on their heritage and the school board curriculum. The people who participate in racism are intolerable to others racial appearance. Regrettably, racism hurts the lives of many people. The people who continue to be racist and intolerable to others peoples nationality make the lives of others a living hell.Many people have caused self-harm to themselves and others due to racism. People delight racism to their job place, and other places creating an uneasy and negative atmosphere. Racism has shaped America into what it is today. Witho ut racism, people would not be as strong as they are today, with thicker skin for words. Comparing peoples treatment of now to the treatment of who endured racism, the negativity is nowhere near as harsh. Racism has also caused many people to love themselves even more. There is currently a new trend of people becoming excited by their haters and instead of allowing it to hurt them, they use it for motivation.America has been negatively impacted by racism. It has caused negative changes in peoples lifestyle, job opportunities, and education. Due to the negative influences of racism, people have gone into deep depressions. People have succumb to depression because they are constantly discriminated against inside and outside the work force, they have to constantly over compensate and compete for jobs with people of different races, people are called out of their name, and are being miseducated by the educational system. Racism has negatively influenced America since it was introduced d uring slavery.

Bloody bawdy villain! Essay

Is there anything more to state about Claudiuss role and constitutionization in the play? settlement was write by William Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era. It is widely believed to be one of his greatest plays, although not everybody agrees, T. S. Eliot calls it an artistic failure and contrasts the play to that of Mona Lisa, claiming that Hamlet is the Mona Lisa of literature. Nevertheless, Hamlet has been debated over the centuries by the greatest scholars of the generations.The play revolves much around the corruption of the State and top off of Denmark Hamlet calls Denmark an unweeded garden. Claudius is the central antagonist in the play, and is the focus of revenge throughout the play. Not totally did Claudius commit regicide and patricide, but he also effectively stolen Hamlets God given practiced to rule and married his mother hastily after the death of his start. Millions of speech communication on thousands of books and articles shed been written on Hamlet. The y stand in ironic contrast to Hamlets final words The watch is silence.The ghost of King Hamlet appears early on in the play and claims that his brother Claudius is responsible for(p) for his death, referring to Claudius as a serpent which has connotations of poison and evil. In the gospel of Matthew, Jesus tells the twelve apostles to be foolhardy as serpents, and harmless as doves. The Book of Revelations, however, implied a connection between the serpent of the Garden of enlightenment and Satan, and as a result the snake for Christians lost their earlier associations with wisdom and healing and became symbolic of evil. at one time the truth is revealed to Hamlet by the ghost, Hamlet swears an oath to avenge his fathers murder and becomes progressively obsessed with exposing Claudius as a bloody bawdy villain which results in the production of the The Murder of Gonzago which understandably reflects the murder of his own father. Although Claudius attempts to atone his sins and prays to God for forgiveness, he only does so after he becomes wary of Hamlet, madness in great ones must not unwatched go. Hamlet decides not to violent death Claudius at the chapel for while he is in a state of grace, he may be entered into heaven, which understandably would not be just revenge.Although, Claudius cannot pray for he is still in possession of the rewards of his murder, the Crown and the Queen, My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. Therefore in order to repent and to be admitted into heaven, Claudius must give up his thorn and his wife, since Claudius is unwilling to do either the audience must assume that he is not truly remorseful of his crime. To add insult to injury, Claudius is married to Hamlets mother. Hamlet therefore doubts whether or not his mother had any involvement within the murder of his father considering their hasty marriage hereafter.Not only has Claudius murdered his brother and the former pouf, he also attempts to kill his nephew and the rightful king of Denmark. Claudius becomes worried that Hamlet has discovered his secret and sends Hamlet to England for his death. However, when this fails Claudius cowardly attempts to persuade the sad Laertes to kill Hamlet in a duel with a poisoned sword. Claudius has committed a multitude of sins, his character is deceitful and cowardly. His greed caused the death of many and he was deceitful throughout the play all the characters.What agitates me the near is the friendly attitude Claudius seems to display towards Hamlet But now my cousin Hamlet, and my son this to me seems extremely insensitive. At the end of the play, Hamlet achieves his revenge upon Claudius, but many innocent lives were lost in the process Ophelia, Polonius, Laertes and Gertrude. Claudius says in Act 5, Scene 2 Our son shall win. Claudius is cowardly character is evoked until the play of the play, Claudius could have saved his wife from death, although he says G ertrude, do not drink He could have spared her life by declaring the loving cup was poisoned or by forcibly taking the drink from her, instead Claudius watches as his wife drinks from the poisoned cup which he had prepared, she died by his hand. It is not until Laertes proclaims Thy mothers poisoned- I can no more- the king, the kings to blame that Hamlet gains his just revenge. There are no positive qualities of Claudius evoked throughout the play. He is indeed a bloody bawdy villain Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindles villain. Claudius deserved his fate, he was a tyrannical dictator who achieved his throne through bloodshed and dishonor. Hamlet remains one of Shakespeare greatest works due to the reality and diversity of the play. Shakespeare uses the image of rottenness in the play to suggest to the audience that a rotten king makes a rotten surface area and the greed and ego of one man can bring the country to its knees. Shakespeare achieves this by using metaphors u nweeded garden serpent and maggots, Shakespeare uses the theme of corruption to evoke to the audience that power corrupts and right-down power corrupts absolutely.

Eradicating Social Ills

ASSIGNMENT 2 FIK 3042 ENGLISH FOR COMMUNICATION 2 ERADICATING SOCIAL ILLS AMONGST TEENAGERS GROUP EL-AO4 ready by NAME ID NUMBER TELEPHONE NUMBER Kasthuri Bai A/P Thangarajah D20111049818 013-9801264 Lecturer Dr. Lajiman bin Janoory date-mark 6th November 2011 ERADICATING SOCIAL ILLS AMONGST TEENAGERS. Nowadays, the social ills amongst teenagers be so rampant that they are posing a neat puzzle in the society . Before we go further , let us see what are actu solelyy these social ills among the teenagers.There are many types of social ills that are affecting our teenagers at an alarming rate. near of them are addiction to drugs , smoking,gangsterism,vandalism,bullying,illegal racing and many more. Everyday we hear and see the effects of these social ills in the plaster cast of suicide,accidents,rapes,snatch thieves and brutal crimes. The effects of these social ills amongst teenagers are affecting the nation badly and causing grand setbacks in the country. The spreading of soc ial ills have to be stopped immediately to save our youngsters who are the upcoming generation.How are we going to eradicate these social ills if we do not distinguish the root causes of these problems thusly,before we find slipway to eradicate the social ills amongst our teenagers, let us overly dwell in the root causes of why the youngsters of instantly fall an easy prey to the negative elements awaiting them. These causes can be categorized into several factors,mainly due to family crisis and orthogonal factors much(prenominal) as the influence of friends and environment.Living in this materialistic world can be very challenge to even adults,so what more to say for a teenager who is still struggling between adulthood and childhood. The occupy for favorable guidance ,counceling and parental love is essential to these youngsters. Whom should they pull to if the circumstances arise? Can they turn to their parents? Yes, under normal circumstances ,parents should be the ch ilds number one counsellor but,is this the display case in most childs life? In fact the parents are the last to know slightly their childs problem,which is a pityThis is because nowadays,mostly both parents are working and are also busy chasing their make goals, that they fail to see what their children are undergoing. Usually these parents leave their children to fend for themselves or in the care of a babysitter who most of the time doesnt put her heart into the responsibility minded(p) . The outcome is , the child feels neglected and deprived of parental love. Another reason is when a child comes from a broken family,the frustration and anger is taken upon the poor child.As a result a child grows up to be insecure and lacking in direction. Hence falling an easy prey to the awaiting threats outside. Children are also stressed when parents are not understanding and squash them to study whateverthing which is not of their interest . Parents who subject their own desires and ambitions on their children can cause a rotary of unnecessary pressure on them. Peer pressure and the need to proof oneself in order to be accepted is also another factor why the teenagers so easily succumb to the social ills around them.Constant innovation and development also provide unfathom fitting network which promotes extreme socialisation among our teenagers. Hence the exposure to all the unwanted elements in the society Teenagers who do not know how to cope with stress, resort to these unwelcome means of escapism. We have seen some of the main reasons of why the social ills are spreading like an epidemic amongst our teenagers. What can we do to help them or to hitch these social ills? There are a few very important things that can be through to nip the bud from the beginning itself.Firstly,the office of a family is very important . Parents who are responsible,who allocate luxuriant quality time with their children can be a source of confidence for their children. Child ren pull up stakes be able to rely on their parents for any advice and grow up to be a confident and secured person. These children often will not fall prey to the social ills as they are able to differentiate between good and bad and have no need for any form of escapism as they get comely love from their parents. Parents also moldiness make sure that their children do ot lack of religious knowledge. As we know, all religion wants its followers to be a good human and abide by the rules. So if a child is go againstn enough religious education and is taught to respect the humankind then,the chances of him or her resorting to violence is slim. to a fault much freedom and too much money given to teenagers will only mean trouble. Therefore parents should act wisely and explain to their youngsters why sometimes they cannot have whatever they want and why they must always obtain their parents permission before going out.Parents should always be aware of their childs whereabouts but at the same time should not also be too strict and dedicate veto power at home. They should be able to compromise,understand and respect their childs feelings too. Maintaining a vigorous relationship with children is an important measure in reducing these social ills amongst teenagers. Otherwise most teenagers will choose to rebel a producest their parents and try to prove to everyone that they are in control of their lives Besides the role of family ,the role of teachers and counsellors in schools is also very important in preventing social ills amongst teenagers.A teacher must always be refined to a childs problem . A teacher must be able to gain a childs trust in order for the child to confide in her or him. A teacher must make it her responsibility to solve a childs problem and not be someone who simply wants to teach but is not much bothered about the childs affair. Teachers can help a lot to curb these social ills if they play their role kindly and caringly. They should notic e things and try to help the youngsters by sending them to a counsellor or by counselling them themselves.While teaching in class , a teacher must always stress on the moral values and teach their students to avoid falling prey to bad influences. The education department and the kitty media must always remind these teenagers to avoid doing all these illegal activities and the repercussions should anything unpleasant happen. The enforcement agencies can be invited to give talks and show slides of what is happening and how bad it can turn into,to create awareness amongst teenagers. A lot of opportunities must be created to allow teenagers to involve hemselves in activities such as outdoor games,indoor games,dancing and drawing classes,photography clubs and some social services that will divert the attention of these teenagers . The teenagers will not only be busy but will also benefit from these extra activities. This healthy activities can be organised by the residential commitees or by the ketua kampung. Healthy competition with lucrative prizes can be held to attract these teenagers. The verbalize government and the district office can help with these measures.Money used to cure the victims of the social ills in the form of rehabilitation centres and their medication can be put into a more healthy usage such as the above mentioned activities. After all one must agree that Prevention is better than recruitAs a conclusion , everybody has to play an important role in eradicating social ills amongst teenagers . Eventhough these problems seem elusive to solve but as an Ethopian proverb says, When the spider webs unite,you can tie up a lion. (Infinity electronic network Development, LLC, 2002-2011) (OPpapers, 2011)

Coping Skill and Lazarus Stress Theory Essay

Each individual experiences stress and problem in life. These provide serve as measurement to know how emotionally stable individuals ar and how they go forth share everything that come their way. The ways of coping from stress, concern, and problems are the basis of how well-ad unspoilted an individual is. Coping with difficulties of life is labored especially when the emplacement is complicated. It is a natural reaction that everyone lead be experiences at one sequence or the other.As cited by Luthans (2005), Ivancevich and Matteson see stress as the interaction of the individual with the environment- an adjustive response mediated by individual differences and or mental process, that is consequences by either eternal (environmental) action, situation or even that places excessive psychological and or physical demand on a person. song in college get out comes in many forms. You lead become essentially responsible for yourself doing laundry, preparing your own meals, cleanup spot your own rooms.This will of course in addition to studying hard to achieve good grades. You will also have to deal with peer pressure, dating predicaments and drinking situations. Coping with stress will ascend to be a daunting task. Every trying moment that you will converge in college is entirely temporary. Coping with stress in college will be part of life, if you tail end hurdle over your stress, you will surely become as stronger and tougher person. Such that when you will absorb by the workforce, your will be intermit equipped to face the challenges of your job. Students will deal with stress differently.If you are one of these students who will have a hard time coping with stress, you should not be ashamed to seek the help of others, especially your counsellors who will be there for you for a resolve. sample will seem to be an especially common run around of college student life, particularly at highly competitive colleges and universities. Stress-coping weapons are behaviors and thoughts people employ to calm themselves when they will feel upset, angry, overworked, or otherwise overwhelmed by tension. Being under stress will affects your heart rate, livestock pressure, mood, and contributes many diseases such as obesity and asthma.Coping mechanisms can be described as the warmheartedness total of ways in which we deal with minor to major stress and trauma. Some of these processes are unconscious mind ones, others are learned behaviour, and still others are skills we consciously master in order to reduce stress, or other intense emotions like depression. Not all coping mechanisms are equally beneficial, and some can actually be very detrimental. One may have various ways of coping with stress, anxiety and problems. Acceptance may be one by which individual wholeheartedly accepts the situation, the persons will learn to study the things on the way it should.Others, on the other hand, may still look on the good side, lay more attention and emphasis on the things that could be better and would bring better to them. This study will determine what the most prevalent sources of stressors among our students are, and to evaluate the coping mechanisms adopted by them. Background of the Study Stress (2000) is generally defined as the bodys nonspecific response or reaction to demands do on it, or to disturbing events in the environment. It is a process by which we perceive and cope with environmental threats and challenges.Personal environmental events that will cause stress are known as stressors. Therefore, stress is barely defined as emotional disturbances or changes caused by stressors. Stress which promotes and facilities culture is called good stress. An optimal direct of stress can enhance learning ability on the other hand stress which inhibits and suppresses learning is call bad stress. The bad stress must be prevented and avoided. It is noteworthy that the same stressors may be perceived differently by different students, depending on their cultural background, personality traits, experience and coping skills.The dissolve of this study is to gather data on the stress prevalence, stressors and coping strategies among second year students of Bachelor of intuition in Entrepreneurial Management, hence it will provides valuable information for future study in such students and teachers to understand better about this common problem. The second year students of BSEM are prone to pressure for the reason that they are the last batch of this said degree and because of that they are threatened to study hard, to give a good image and expected to build a better name for their degree.Though college may posture you under a lot of stress, most students accept this as a given something one should just learned to deal with. And although work overload is a constant in all schools, many students grade discrepancies among different universities and colleges. Theoretical Framework The study wi ll focus on the stress and coping mechanism among the Second year students of BSEM in regarding to their demographic profile.Coping with stress in college just like any other stress coping mechanism is seeing past the negativity of the moment and embracing the electromotive force for good in it. Numerous theoretical provides sufficient background on the nature of stress individuals encounter and a multiple functions of coping for the optimum development and adjustment. The foremost theories represented in the study are enumerated, (a. ) Systematic Stress Selyes Theory, states that stress is a state manifested by a syndrome which consists of all the non-specifically bring forth changes in a biologic system. (b. Psychological Stress The Lazarus Theory, states that two concepts are central to any psychological stress opening appraisal, individuals evaluation of the significance of what is happening for their well-being, and coping, individuals efforts in thought and action to manage specific demands. Since its first presentation as a comprehensive theory the Lazarus stress theory has undergone several essential revisions. In the latest version, stress is regarded as a relational concept stress is not defined as a specific kind of external rousing or a specific pattern of physiological, behavioral, or subjective reactions.Instead, stress is viewed as a birth between individuals and their environment. Psychological stress refers to a relationship with the environment that the person appraises as significant for his or her well-being and in which the demands tax or exceed available coping resources. (c. ) Resource Theories of Stress A Bridge between Systemic and Cognitive Viewpoints. Unlike approaches discussed so far, this theory of stress is not in the main concernedwith factors that create stress, but with resources that preserve well-being in the face of stressful encounters.

Feminism Vs Queer theory Essay

The book by Catherine Churchill titled Cloud Nine leads insight into the two real different types of societies in the two acts of the book and depicts the change in the characters in terms of their femininity and versed orientation. The diverse factors impacting the lives of the characteristics like power, wealth and politics as well as their ion satisfactions levels in different relationships attain been discussed through the use of comedy and the art of storytelling.The book highlights the notions of feminism and queer theory through its essence and the way the lives of the characters playing period out in the two different acts of the book. Feminism is basically defined as the change or orientation towards women empowerment. It is made up of the social, cultural as well as the semipolitical reforms, movements and diverse theories which contribute towards equality between makes and females and highlights the equal rights movement for the women. The basis of feminism is th e exhalation of the strength of women in the society.Queer Theory on the other hand is a branch of gender studies which pertains to the fairylike and lesbian studies. This field is specific to diverse sexual orientation in women and takes its foundation form the feminism movement and theory itself. The inclination towards feminism in the book and the play of Cloud Nine is in truth explicit as depicts how the women are oppressed in the Victorian era so much so that they are forced to disguise themselves as men to hide their feminine identity when giving in to their strong nature and ambitions.The play clearly and explicitly describes the differences in the roles of the women and the men in the Victorian era, and in the modern era, therefore depicting how they have changed to an extent, but not as much as they should have. in the first act the play violently depicts the male oriented society by initiating with a take in for the male gender, and present the allude of power, in conte xt of economics as held by men in the society. Aside from this the play also depicts the position of the women in history as the subservient gender.This established the concept that the role and cultural construction of the females in the society is a product more of history and tradition than of their own capabilities, thus reinforcing the concept of feminism. The queer theory is expanded upon by the author in the play though the confused sexual orientation of the characters and the cross dressing and role reversal amongst the cast in the play. Churchill clearly intended to raise questions of gender, sexual orientation, and race as ideological issues she accomplished this largely by cross-dressing and role-doubling the actors, thereby alienating them from the characters they play. (Worthen, 807). The characters in the play like those of Gerry the homosexual man and the lesbian mother provide the essence of the queer theory. In fact it can even be mentioned that Cloud Nine is an ex plicitly queer play. The structure of the play is very confusing for the audience as well as the readers collectable to the role reversals by the characters, and the language used in the play is highly oriented towards the depiction of feminism and queer theory.The play clearly points out the underlying issues in the societies pertaining to women oppression, womens rights as well as gay pride and sexual orientation of the men and women. Moreover the play is highly political in nature as it tends to shock the audience and the readers through the presentation and the roles played by the characters. On the firm however the play contributes towards the literary identity development of women in the modern society.References Barry, P. , Beginning Theory An first appearance to Literary and Cultural Theory (Beginnings), Manchester University Press, (2002) , ISBN-10 0719062683 Caslin, S. , Feminism and post-colonialism, accessed March 15, 2008 from Churchill, C. , Cloud Nine, Nick Hern B ooks, (1989), ISBN-10 1854590901 Marx, K. , The Communist pronunciamento Complete with Seven Rarely, Filiquarian Publishing, (2005), ISBN 1599869950 Worthen, W. B. , The Wadsworth Anthology of Drama, Heinle, (2003), ISBN-10 0838407501

A Midsummer Night’s Dream

1. The actions of the character hockey puck in Shakespeargons A summer solstice nights inspiration affects the harlequinade of the breeze flat and completely reflects the Shakespe atomic number 18an world. Shakespeare portrays wag in numerous ways in his passs and this misrepresents most of his tactical maneuvers successful. A midsummer nights dream is a cautious mixture of humor and extol. There are 2 types of humor, one is plain humor that is conduceed with the aid of artisans in the get together and the some other is inferred humor, which is seen because of a funny character, hockey puck in this gyp. The artisans are not intelligent solely they pretend to be and they mess up ith grammar and spelling, which results in mere confusion. By making silly mistakes of words they adjustment the meaning of the sentence completely and in this way the consultation jazz the simple and plain descenddy in the play. Shakespeare has do use of inferred humor with the help of a character puck, who is a hyperactive child and gets into mischief either now and then.2. Shakespeare has made use of the take ups a lot in his plays and they are not only portrayed as jesters or fools that they are mediators and slightly generation seem to be much to a greater extent intelligent than the so-c every(prenominal) tolded masters. These fools add buoyancy to the falsehood, humor at times of erious situations and in like manner help to lighten the shadow of confusion caused by others. They have fewer dialogues just now whatever they say has meaning and they say it with wit and reek. There are two fools in Shakespeares A midsummer darks conceive of, namely Mishra 2 hockey puck and Bottom where Bottom is portrayed for plain humor, hockey puck is for inferred humor. Also Puck is very sozzled and creates lot of confusion when he mistakenly puts the screw juices in the eyes of Lysander rather of Demetrius.A. A midsummer nights dream is one of the most popular plays of Shakespeare and is idely acted upon worldwide. It is actually a romantic buffoonery and the story is about the adventures of four Athenian sleep togetherrs with a group of amateur actors. There are some supernatural powers and the effects of their mischief and above all the confusion created by them. Shakespeare has made his female characters enjoy much more freedom than they actually posses. capital of Montana and Hermia escape into the woods where they do not come under the laws of Theseus or Egeus. Hermia elopes with her lover Lysander and Helena as well follows her with Demetrius whom she loves a lot. So women are seen using courage nd guts in Shakespeares play for their love provided the ultimate base hit and contentment for them is marriage.Mainly there are three plots in the play that are interlocked and the main confusion is caused because Puck mistakenly puts the love juice in the eyes of Lysander who falls in love with Helena instead of Hermia. Because of all this, the four lovers quarrel with apiece other and in order to stop them from killing each other, Oberon orders Puck to keep them off from each other and re-charm Lysander for Hermia. When Oberon gets what he had asked from titanium oxide, he releases her, Lysander is freed from the magic enchantment and Puck relieves Bottom from the asss head. But the magic is allowed to remain on the eyes of Demetrius so that Helena gets her lover in the end. As the upstanding night is spent in mere confusion and refuge in a forest full of supernatural powers, the lovers are made to think Mishra 3 the whole thing as a dream. In the end everyone retires to bed and Bottom awakes and thinks that he also had a dream. B. Puck, in Shakespeares A midsummer nights dream is in the real number sense a fool, i. e. , a jestor whose note is to entertain the Fairy King, Oberon.He is practically involved in the ngoing functions of the play and is seen making some intelligent observations regarding lif e and love. Puck is introduced to audience in Act II slam I with his encounter with one of Titanias fairies and this interaction gives the audience an idea how mischievous and roguish he is. Puck is given an assignment by Oberon in order to punish the Fairy Queen, Titania because he is angry with her. Oberon asks Puck to put the love juices in Titanias eyes so that when she wakes up she falls in love with the first creature she sees. Also, Oberon wants to put right love problems of the lovers that are seen running about in he forest and so orders Puck to put some love juices in Demetrius eyes. Here Puck makes a mistake and puts the love juices in Lysanders eyes which and causes lot of problems. Both, Lysander and Demetrius become madly in love with Helena and not with Hermia.All these confusions and comic situations in the play are effective because of the foolishness of Puck. C. Puck, in fact, does not take life seriously and believes in fun and mischief. He is also not serious in performing his duties and has airy and light attitude towards his responsibilities. While all the other characters are serious and busy dealing with problems nd confusions, Puck is to the highest degree relaxed and is enjoying everything, move pranks and dancing near. unrivaled of such example is when Puck puts an ass head on Bottom, which is just fun and nothing else. Puck is having fun and is playful throughout the play except in Mishra 4 the end when he sorts out all the problems and makes all believe that they must have experienced a dream. In the end Puck makes a direct speech to the audience and apologizes for anything that must have ache somebodys feelings and even suggests the audience to take everything as a dream. His speech is, If we shadows have offended, Think but this, and all is mended,That you have but slumberd here While these visions did appear. And this week and idle theme, No more yielding but a dream, Gentles, do not reprehend If you pardon, we forget mend And, as I am an honest Puck, If we have unearned luck, Now to scape the serpents tongue, We will make amends ere long Else the Puck a liar call So, good night unto you all. Give me your hands, if we be friends, And Robin shall restore amends. (Act V. Scene I) Mishra 5 Thus it is seen that throughout the play Puck is seen making fun, pulling pranks and dancing around like a fool but in the end he ties the audience with the play by just elivering one speech. He is quite intelligent and is totally aware of others feelings and understands love and life more than anyone else in the play. In fact Pucks job is to entertain the Fairy King, Oberon with his tricks, pranks and jokes. His real name is Robin Goodfellow and his character in this play is a subaltern bit similar to the mythological figure, Puck.Just as all the confusion and problems arise due to Pucks silly mistakes he sorts them out by creating fog and putting more of the flower in Lysanders eyes which would reverse the eff ect. So in the end he succeeds in making all the others believe that they had ust experienced a dream and nothing that happened was in pragmatism. Shakespeare used humor in his plays with the help of these jesters and clowns. In fact the fools in Shakespeares plays are a mixture of clown and the courtly fool or jester, that has both the qualities as to entertain the king and others with his foolish activities and to say truth in a witty or satirical manner. Where all the other people hesitated to point out Kings mistakes or misjudgment, Shakespearean fools spoke the truth without any fear.They were characterized as very intelligent and sensitive but they pretended to be as fools ost of the time. This is seen in Shakespeares A midsummer nights dream in which Puck is a character whose job is to entertain the Fairy King and obey his orders. He actually has not much power in his hands and just carries on the orders of Oberon. He is true of Shakespeares fools and is foolish and mischie vous and at the same time intelligent and sensitive too. He is also made to parody the actions and speeches of other characters of the play towards the end of the play during the great fog just to pack on the Mishra 6 light humor a little more until the confusions are sorted out.A Midsummer nighttimes DreamJudging the various thematic air of the play in the light of these lines, it is illustrated that sometimes imagination leads to vigorous results and sometimes leads to absurd consequences. The quintessence of A Midsummer Nights Dream reveals that the quick fervor, the inconstancy, the nappy work of caprice, the illusion, the fictitious idealism, the delusions, love-idiocies become personified in the play and creates a world of its own.This grotesque world seems as real and living as those which are visited by the heating plant of love in the play by the lovers. This creates the whole atmosphere in a way that every farthermost-fetched thing is uniformly existent and incredi ble. One may label it as the fictitious idealism i. e. issue of mere imagination but seems real to lovers as Theseus does in these lines. These lines further corresponds to another thematic expression that is subsidiary to the main theme is love vs. reason.The final pairing in the play accords with the pick which the two girls (Hermia and Helena) have faithfully adhered to but the choice and the fidelity have not been dictated by reason. Evidently, love is not based upon any acute judgment and imagination has a role to play in the corridors of love. Imagination is li sufficient to err but it has its creative function too. Theseus not only dwells on the cheapjack consequences of the exercise of the faculty of imagination but also eulogize its higher and creative aspect.In the romanticistic personal business, everything is led, guided and controlled entirely by the imaginative faculty. Titanias jam for Bottom the ass is an lunacy of love so is the Lysanders infatuation for Hele na. These infatuations are product of this imagination whereas the four love affairs that create a world of extreme ardor are also a production of imagination. So these lines encircle the main theme of the play and a sense of dream-reality persists due to imaginative effect in the life of characters as well as in the play.A Midsummer Nights DreamJudging the various thematic expression of the play in the light of these lines, it is illustrated that sometimes imagination leads to wholesome results and sometimes leads to absurd consequences. The quintessence of A Midsummer Nights Dream reveals that the quick fervor, the inconstancy, the quirky work of caprice, the illusion, the fictitious idealism, the delusions, love-idiocies become personified in the play and creates a world of its own.This imaginative world seems as real and living as those which are visited by the warmth of love in the play by the lovers. This creates the whole atmosphere in a way that every far-fetched thing is u niformly existent and incredible. One may label it as the fictitious idealism i. e. production of mere imagination but seems real to lovers as Theseus does in these lines. These lines further corresponds to another thematic expression that is subsidiary to the main theme is love vs. reason.The final pairing in the play accords with the choice which the two girls (Hermia and Helena) have faithfully adhered to but the choice and the fidelity have not been dictated by reason. Evidently, love is not based upon any rational judgment and imagination has a role to play in the corridors of love. Imagination is liable to err but it has its creative function too. Theseus not only dwells on the misleading consequences of the exercise of the faculty of imagination but also eulogize its higher and creative aspect.In the amorous affairs, everything is led, guided and controlled entirely by the imaginative faculty. Titanias infatuation for Bottom the ass is an aberration of love so is the Lysander s infatuation for Helena. These infatuations are product of this imagination whereas the four love affairs that create a world of intense ardor are also a production of imagination. So these lines encircle the main theme of the play and a sense of dream-reality persists due to imaginative effect in the life of characters as well as in the play.A Midsummer Nights DreamA Midsummer Nights Dream is one of the many works of William Shakespeare. It is romantic comedy that is said to have been written around 1595 or 1596. It tells the story of young Athenian lovers and their encounter with the Duke and Duchess of Athens and as well with fairies and actors of a play for the Dukes wedding.The story tells of how far someone would go in order to find themselves. It also shows the reality of sexual bias in our society, how male dominates and other sexual conflicts. It also shows the power of the gods, how they are able to dictate human lives like in the story of Oedipus Rex wherein the story sh ows that no one can change their destiny that the gods are in control but in the case of A Midsummer Nights Dream, fairies had been able to control/play with the human characters in the story.The story teller in the play was Puck, also a character in the play. He is a fairy and servant of Oberon (the king of fairies).The story took in Athens in the time of Theseus and Hippolyta. The conflicts in the story started in the Dukes place and continue in the woods where the king of fairies and his wife were and some other fairies as well. Several conflicts follow in this setting.There had been theories which tries to explain the reason behind the creation of the story although there is no concrete evidence that are found to support these theories. It had been said that there had been numerous aristocratic wedding that took place during 1596 and it was said that it is for these make that play was written. Also, another theory says that the play was written for the Queen and for the celebra tion of Saint Johns feast day.What is missing in the story is a tragedy. Although there had been some confusion and conflicts in the play, the terminal can be considered a happy ending unlike Romeo and Juliet. Life is also full of malefactor and turns and as well as tragedies. Also, the ending seems to have been in favor with every character in the story, well, just as Puck said, consider it a dream. Still, tragedy could have been also present but is not easily seen. Well the ending of the story could just really be plain comedy or a hidden tragedy.The last scene also provides the readers view about reality and as well as imagination. It is also through good imagination that we can enjoy a play or a story. It is what makes these things interesting and really worth our time, money and effort in watching or even reading a play. It requires good imagination and our ability to distinguish what is reality and what is not.I believe that what makes A Midsummer Nights Dream similar with s everal stories that I know (watch, read, or heard) is that it tells how far someone would go for their love. Many stories had also been written that tells of several conflicts that are about to be face up by the characters in order to be able to rest the arms of their loved ones.The same thing goes for Shakespeares other plays like Romeo and Juliet. For me, the story tells of the reality that in life, there are so many trials and obstacles that we must faced before achieving happiness. We cannot have everything that we want and definitely there will be times that we must compromise our happiness for something or someone else.The story also showsI believe that everyone will improvement from the play. It teaches some lessons that are applicable to our daily lives. Everyone will really see something in this story that will surely help them or change some of their views and how they perceive some things in their lives. I also enjoyed the story together with the conflicts that arises. It also help me realize that I must respect others decisions, beliefs etc.Just like in the story, every parent must respect their sons and daughters decisions especially when in comes to matters regarding their feelings. Respect is a very authorised factor in developing your relationship with other people. Also, it should be a very important bump of your personality. If we do not respect others, we should not expect that they will respect us back.ReferenceSky-McIlvain, E. (2004). A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare. RetrievedNovember 19, 2007 fromhttp//www.leasttern.com/Shakespeare/Midsummer/Dreamhome.htm